Semnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Fabrication of graphene oxide nanoribbon/copper nanoparticles clusters modified electrode for sensitive electrochemical determination of amlodipineFabrication of graphene oxide nanoribbon/copper nanoparticles clusters modified electrode for sensitive electrochemical determination of amlodipine9261082310.22075/chem.2026.39928.2413FAMasoudFouladgarDepartment of Biochemistry, Fal.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-3781-1689ForoozanHasanpourDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-4697, Iran.AbolfazlSemnaniDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.FatemehDaftariDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.Journal Article20251203In this research, a graphene oxide nanoribbon/copper nanoparticles clusters-modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated as a new composite for the sensitive electrochemical measurement of amlodipine. The nanocomposite modifier was coated onto the glassy carbon electrode via a two-step electrodeposition process. The structural characteristics of the nanocomposites on the electrode surface were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR. This modifier significantly enhanced the oxidation current of amlodipine (by 2.6-fold) and enabled its measurement at trace levels. The oxidation mechanism of amlodipine on the modified electrode was found to be controlled by both diffusion and adsorption. The detection limit and linear dynamic range of the method were 0.02 μmol L⁻¹ and 0.1–7.0 μmol L⁻¹, respectively. The relative standard deviation for measuring 1.0 μmol L⁻¹ of amlodipine was found to be 3.5% (n = 6), and a decrease of about 5.1% in the oxidation current of amlodipine was observed over two weeks. The modified electrode was successfully applied for the determination of spiked amlodipine in serum and tablet samples.In this research, a graphene oxide nanoribbon/copper nanoparticles clusters-modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated as a new composite for the sensitive electrochemical measurement of amlodipine. The nanocomposite modifier was coated onto the glassy carbon electrode via a two-step electrodeposition process. The structural characteristics of the nanocomposites on the electrode surface were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR. This modifier significantly enhanced the oxidation current of amlodipine (by 2.6-fold) and enabled its measurement at trace levels. The oxidation mechanism of amlodipine on the modified electrode was found to be controlled by both diffusion and adsorption. The detection limit and linear dynamic range of the method were 0.02 μmol L⁻¹ and 0.1–7.0 μmol L⁻¹, respectively. The relative standard deviation for measuring 1.0 μmol L⁻¹ of amlodipine was found to be 3.5% (n = 6), and a decrease of about 5.1% in the oxidation current of amlodipine was observed over two weeks. The modified electrode was successfully applied for the determination of spiked amlodipine in serum and tablet samples.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_10823_1f47cef5e38c952f94c5d61726027439.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Green Synthesis of Copper/Silica gel/Cellulose acetate/Acrylic acid Nanocomposite Hydrogel as a Novel Bio-nanosorbent and Investigation of its Application in Removing Benomyl Fungicide from Aqueous EnvironmentsGreen Synthesis of Copper/Silica gel/Cellulose acetate/Acrylic acid Nanocomposite Hydrogel as a Novel Bio-nanosorbent and Investigation of its Application in Removing Benomyl Fungicide from Aqueous Environments27481083010.22075/chem.2026.39154.2394FAMohammad-JavadFeizipourDepartment of Chemistry, Ke.C, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran0009-0009-3981-9359NahidRastakhizDepartment of chemistry, Ke.C., Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-3174-8068HamidehAsadollahzadehDepartment of Chemistry, Ke.C, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran0000-0001-8732-9009DadkhodaGhazanfariDepartment of Chemistry, Ke.C, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran0000-0003-0148-2462Journal Article20250924Today, the widespread use of some fungicides, such as benomyl, in agriculture has led to serious environmental problems, and providing a solution to eliminate these substances seems essential. Nanocomposite hydrogels have many uses in the environmental field as effective adsorbents for removing pollutants. Also, recently, researchers have drawn attention to the use of green synthesis methods of nanoparticles using plant extracts due to their environmental compatibility. In this research work, copper nanoparticles were produced using a green synthesis method using a Frasion plant extract and placed in a copper/silica gel/cellulose acetate/acrylic acid nanocomposite hydrogel substrate as a new adsorbent. Then, the effect of this adsorbent on the removal of benomyl fungicide and the effect of effective variables on adsorption including pH, contact time, amount of adsorbent and adsorbate in this process were investigated. Analysis of the composition structure showed that copper nanoparticles were effectively stabilized in the nanocomposite hydrogel substrate and the average diameter of the nanoparticles was about 35 nm. Also, the results of the adsorption experiment using nano-sorbent showed that the maximum adsorption rate for benomyl removal was achieved at pH=7 and with an amount of 2 g/L of adsorbent. Therefore, it can be concluded that the produced nanocomposite, due to the presence of copper nanoparticles and high porosity, can increase the adsorption capacity of agricultural pesticides.Today, the widespread use of some fungicides, such as benomyl, in agriculture has led to serious environmental problems, and providing a solution to eliminate these substances seems essential. Nanocomposite hydrogels have many uses in the environmental field as effective adsorbents for removing pollutants. Also, recently, researchers have drawn attention to the use of green synthesis methods of nanoparticles using plant extracts due to their environmental compatibility. In this research work, copper nanoparticles were produced using a green synthesis method using a Frasion plant extract and placed in a copper/silica gel/cellulose acetate/acrylic acid nanocomposite hydrogel substrate as a new adsorbent. Then, the effect of this adsorbent on the removal of benomyl fungicide and the effect of effective variables on adsorption including pH, contact time, amount of adsorbent and adsorbate in this process were investigated. Analysis of the composition structure showed that copper nanoparticles were effectively stabilized in the nanocomposite hydrogel substrate and the average diameter of the nanoparticles was about 35 nm. Also, the results of the adsorption experiment using nano-sorbent showed that the maximum adsorption rate for benomyl removal was achieved at pH=7 and with an amount of 2 g/L of adsorbent. Therefore, it can be concluded that the produced nanocomposite, due to the presence of copper nanoparticles and high porosity, can increase the adsorption capacity of agricultural pesticides.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_10830_f57bd0a58e953e5c43cd4a4e5af46138.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Ionization Mechanism and Measurement of Sulfur Compounds in the Gas Phase Using Ion Mobility SpectrometryIonization Mechanism and Measurement of Sulfur Compounds in the Gas Phase Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry49661083110.22075/chem.2026.41401.2455FAYounesValadbeigiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran0000-0002-4189-2987VahidehIlbeigiDepartment of Experimental Physics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak RepublicMahmoudTabrizchiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaMehdiVahidiGas Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, IranJournal Article20260530Ion mobility spectrometry with a corona discharge ionization source was employed to investigate the ionization mechanisms and quantitative determination of five sulfur-containing compounds with different structural and energetic properties, including methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, H₂S, CS₂, and COS. In addition, quantum chemical calculations using the G4MP2 method were performed to study the ionization reaction mechanisms. No signal was observed for H₂S, CS₂, and COS in positive polarity, whereas mercaptans were readily ionized in positive mode. Computational results showed that NO⁺ ions ionize mercaptans through charge transfer and hydride abstraction mechanisms. Therefore, oxygen was used as the drift gas to eliminate NO⁺ reactant ions, allowing ionization to proceed exclusively through proton transfer, which enhanced the main peak intensity while removing additional peaks. In negative polarity, only one common peak was observed for H₂S, CS₂, and COS, corresponding to the formation of the SO₂⁻ anion. Ion mobility spectrometry was also applied for the quantitative analysis of these compounds, and limits of detection (LOD) below 1 ppm were achieved. The detection limits ranged from 0.3 ppm for methyl mercaptan to 0.06 ppm for hydrogen sulfide. It was further demonstrated that natural gas alkanes, such as methane, are not ionized in the corona discharge ionization source and therefore do not interfere with the determination of sulfur-containing compounds.Ion mobility spectrometry with a corona discharge ionization source was employed to investigate the ionization mechanisms and quantitative determination of five sulfur-containing compounds with different structural and energetic properties, including methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, H₂S, CS₂, and COS. In addition, quantum chemical calculations using the G4MP2 method were performed to study the ionization reaction mechanisms. No signal was observed for H₂S, CS₂, and COS in positive polarity, whereas mercaptans were readily ionized in positive mode. Computational results showed that NO⁺ ions ionize mercaptans through charge transfer and hydride abstraction mechanisms. Therefore, oxygen was used as the drift gas to eliminate NO⁺ reactant ions, allowing ionization to proceed exclusively through proton transfer, which enhanced the main peak intensity while removing additional peaks. In negative polarity, only one common peak was observed for H₂S, CS₂, and COS, corresponding to the formation of the SO₂⁻ anion. Ion mobility spectrometry was also applied for the quantitative analysis of these compounds, and limits of detection (LOD) below 1 ppm were achieved. The detection limits ranged from 0.3 ppm for methyl mercaptan to 0.06 ppm for hydrogen sulfide. It was further demonstrated that natural gas alkanes, such as methane, are not ionized in the corona discharge ionization source and therefore do not interfere with the determination of sulfur-containing compounds.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_10831_10976997a55826d2efd10358e23511de.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous media using Pd@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite immobilized on a titanium substrate under visible lightPhotoelectrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous media using Pd@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite immobilized on a titanium substrate under visible light67841082810.22075/chem.2026.41141.2446FARaziehNejatDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Kosar University of Bojnord, Bojnord, IranZohrehGholizadehDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranJournal Article20260508In this study, palladium-loaded graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles (Pd@g-C₃N₄) were synthesized and subsequently immobilized onto a titanium metal surface via the electrophoretic method to develop a novel, stable, and efficient catalyst for photoelectrocatalytic processes under visible light irradiation. In the first step, the parameters affecting the immobilization process—including suspension concentration, applied voltage, and deposition time—were investigated and optimized to achieve maximum stability of the catalytic layer. The structural and surface characteristics of the prepared catalyst were identified using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). The DRS analysis results showed that the energy bandgap decreased from approximately 2.85 eV for pure g-C₃N₄ to about 2.56 eV in the palladium-loaded sample, indicating improved visible light absorption and a subsequent increase in photoelectrocatalytic activity. In this study, the effects of operational variables, including solution pH, applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, and reaction time, on the removal efficiency of tetracycline were investigated. The results demonstrated that under optimized conditions—specifically at pH 8, an applied voltage of 0.9 V, an electrolyte concentration of 0.3 g of Na₂SO₄, and under visible light irradiation from a 400 W high-pressure mercury lamp—the maximum degradation efficiency of tetracycline reached 94%. These findings highlight the significant photoelectrocatalytic efficiency of the Pd-loaded g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite immobilized on a titanium substrate for the removal of persistent pharmaceutical pollutants in aqueous media under visible light irradiation.In this study, palladium-loaded graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles (Pd@g-C₃N₄) were synthesized and subsequently immobilized onto a titanium metal surface via the electrophoretic method to develop a novel, stable, and efficient catalyst for photoelectrocatalytic processes under visible light irradiation. In the first step, the parameters affecting the immobilization process—including suspension concentration, applied voltage, and deposition time—were investigated and optimized to achieve maximum stability of the catalytic layer. The structural and surface characteristics of the prepared catalyst were identified using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). The DRS analysis results showed that the energy bandgap decreased from approximately 2.85 eV for pure g-C₃N₄ to about 2.56 eV in the palladium-loaded sample, indicating improved visible light absorption and a subsequent increase in photoelectrocatalytic activity. In this study, the effects of operational variables, including solution pH, applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, and reaction time, on the removal efficiency of tetracycline were investigated. The results demonstrated that under optimized conditions—specifically at pH 8, an applied voltage of 0.9 V, an electrolyte concentration of 0.3 g of Na₂SO₄, and under visible light irradiation from a 400 W high-pressure mercury lamp—the maximum degradation efficiency of tetracycline reached 94%. These findings highlight the significant photoelectrocatalytic efficiency of the Pd-loaded g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite immobilized on a titanium substrate for the removal of persistent pharmaceutical pollutants in aqueous media under visible light irradiation.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_10828_4053e4891648aa5d0bd54fe6f4beb464.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Investigation of the electrochemical performance of nitrogen-doped carbon-cobalt/nickel oxide nanocomposite derived from metal-organic frameworkInvestigation of the electrochemical performance of nitrogen-doped carbon-cobalt/nickel oxide nanocomposite derived from metal-organic framework851041082910.22075/chem.2026.40588.2430FAZahraGhorban NasabFuel Cell Electrochemistry and Advanced Material Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IranMohammadSoleimani LashkenariFuel Cell Electrochemistry and Advanced Material Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran0000-0003-2811-8468MajidEshagh NimvariFaculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IranFakhrodinNazariFaculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IranJournal Article20260219In this study, a carbon nanocomposite doped with nitrogen-cobalt/nickel oxide (NiCo@NC) derived from a metal-organic framework was synthesized using a controlled pyrolysis method and investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The results of structural and morphological analyses including XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, EDX and BET confirmed the successful formation of the NiCo@NC nanocomposite, the preservation of the morphology derived from the initial metal-organic framework and the creation of a porous structure with a specific surface area of 21.71 m² g⁻¹ and an average pore diameter of 4.87 nm.<br>Electrochemical evaluations showed that the NiCo@NC nanocomposite exhibited remarkable supercapacitive performance in alkaline electrolyte medium. Cyclic voltammetry results indicated the dominant quasi-capacitive behavior and the active participation of faradaic reactions in the charge storage process. Galvanostatic charge-discharge test showed that this electrode provides a specific capacity equivalent to F g⁻¹ 553 at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹ and maintains an acceptable capacity of about F g⁻¹ 275 with increasing current density to A g⁻¹ 5. Electrochemical impedance analysis showed a decrease in the charge transfer resistance of the NiCo@NC electrode (Rct ≈ 0.95 Ω) compared to the original metal-organic framework, indicating more efficient electron and ion transport in the nanocomposite structure. Also, the cyclic stability test showed that the prepared electrode retains about 109% of its initial capacity after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Overall, the results of this study show that the NiCo@NC nanocomposite, due to its high specific capacitance, low charge transfer resistance, and good cyclic stability, is a promising option for the development of advanced electrodes in energy storage systems, especially supercapacitors.In this study, a carbon nanocomposite doped with nitrogen-cobalt/nickel oxide (NiCo@NC) derived from a metal-organic framework was synthesized using a controlled pyrolysis method and investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The results of structural and morphological analyses including XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, EDX and BET confirmed the successful formation of the NiCo@NC nanocomposite, the preservation of the morphology derived from the initial metal-organic framework and the creation of a porous structure with a specific surface area of 21.71 m² g⁻¹ and an average pore diameter of 4.87 nm.<br>Electrochemical evaluations showed that the NiCo@NC nanocomposite exhibited remarkable supercapacitive performance in alkaline electrolyte medium. Cyclic voltammetry results indicated the dominant quasi-capacitive behavior and the active participation of faradaic reactions in the charge storage process. Galvanostatic charge-discharge test showed that this electrode provides a specific capacity equivalent to F g⁻¹ 553 at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹ and maintains an acceptable capacity of about F g⁻¹ 275 with increasing current density to A g⁻¹ 5. Electrochemical impedance analysis showed a decrease in the charge transfer resistance of the NiCo@NC electrode (Rct ≈ 0.95 Ω) compared to the original metal-organic framework, indicating more efficient electron and ion transport in the nanocomposite structure. Also, the cyclic stability test showed that the prepared electrode retains about 109% of its initial capacity after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Overall, the results of this study show that the NiCo@NC nanocomposite, due to its high specific capacitance, low charge transfer resistance, and good cyclic stability, is a promising option for the development of advanced electrodes in energy storage systems, especially supercapacitors.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_10829_2c45628967cbb49aba60cff3b368ed95.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Colorimetric Detection of Spermine Based on Aggregation-Induced Silver Nanoparticles with Application in Food SamplesColorimetric Detection of Spermine Based on Aggregation-Induced Silver Nanoparticles with Application in Food Samples1051181096510.22075/chem.2026.40763.2434FASamiraAbbasi-MoayedDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran و Iran0000-0003-0011-2996SaraSarabadaniDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, TehranJournal Article20260304In this study, a simple, sensitive, and selective colorimetric sensor based on aggregation-induced silver nanoparticles was designed and developed for the determination of spermine. The sensing mechanism relies on electrostatic interactions between the protonated amine groups of spermine and the carboxylate groups of citrate on the surface of silver nanoparticles, leading to nanoparticle aggregation. As a result of this phenomenon, the plasmon peak intensity decreased, a new red-shifted peak appeared at longer wavelengths, and the solution color changed visibly from yellow to purple. The aggregation response of the sensor (A550/A400) exhibited a linear relationship with spermine concentration in the range of 0.2–1.0 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 µM calculated based on 3Sb/m. Selectivity studies in the presence of other biogenic amines, including spermidine, tryptophan, and histamine, showed negligible interference even at higher concentrations. Moreover, the applicability of the method was validated by determining spermine in extracted chicken meat samples, yielding recoveries of 95–112% with relative standard deviations below 3%. These results indicate that the developed sensor provides a rapid, cost-effective, and efficient approach for monitoring spermine in food samples.In this study, a simple, sensitive, and selective colorimetric sensor based on aggregation-induced silver nanoparticles was designed and developed for the determination of spermine. The sensing mechanism relies on electrostatic interactions between the protonated amine groups of spermine and the carboxylate groups of citrate on the surface of silver nanoparticles, leading to nanoparticle aggregation. As a result of this phenomenon, the plasmon peak intensity decreased, a new red-shifted peak appeared at longer wavelengths, and the solution color changed visibly from yellow to purple. The aggregation response of the sensor (A550/A400) exhibited a linear relationship with spermine concentration in the range of 0.2–1.0 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 µM calculated based on 3Sb/m. Selectivity studies in the presence of other biogenic amines, including spermidine, tryptophan, and histamine, showed negligible interference even at higher concentrations. Moreover, the applicability of the method was validated by determining spermine in extracted chicken meat samples, yielding recoveries of 95–112% with relative standard deviations below 3%. These results indicate that the developed sensor provides a rapid, cost-effective, and efficient approach for monitoring spermine in food samples.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_10965_b5d17ed2b502da15aa727af0d51508d6.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Sound Absorption of Low-Frequency Acoustic Waves by Polyurethane Foam/MOF Nanoparticle NanocompositesSound Absorption of Low-Frequency Acoustic Waves by Polyurethane Foam/MOF Nanoparticle Nanocomposites1191341093310.22075/chem.2026.41185.2448FAGholamhoseinShahmohammadiFaculty of Applied Sciences, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin-shahr, Esfahan, IranMohammadJafariFaculty of Applied Sciences, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin-shahr, Esfahan, Iran0000-0002-0673-0501KamalGhaniFaculty of Applied Sciences, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin-shahr, Esfahan, Iran0000-0002-7112-9026MehranHayatiFaculty of Applied Sciences, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin-shahr, Esfahan, IranJournal Article20260511Among a wide range of sound-absorbing materials, porous materials exhibit high sound absorption coefficients. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel materials that, due to their porous structure, are expected to be effective in reducing acoustic noise. On the other hand, polyurethane foams are porous materials capable of absorbing sound waves. However, these porous foams have poor sound absorption in the low-frequency range (below 2000 Hz). Given the powder-like nature of MOF compounds, they can be used as additives in polyurethane foams to achieve sound-absorbing composites with performance over a wide frequency range. In this paper, polyurethane foam is used as the sound-absorbing substrate, and UiO-66 Metal-organic framework is employed as a low-frequency (below 2000 Hz) sound absorption enhancer. The results show that the sound absorption coefficient of the composite containing an optimal 0.2 wt% of UiO-66 nanoparticles in the frequency range of 750-2000 Hz is approximately 50% higher than that of pure polyurethane foam.Among a wide range of sound-absorbing materials, porous materials exhibit high sound absorption coefficients. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel materials that, due to their porous structure, are expected to be effective in reducing acoustic noise. On the other hand, polyurethane foams are porous materials capable of absorbing sound waves. However, these porous foams have poor sound absorption in the low-frequency range (below 2000 Hz). Given the powder-like nature of MOF compounds, they can be used as additives in polyurethane foams to achieve sound-absorbing composites with performance over a wide frequency range. In this paper, polyurethane foam is used as the sound-absorbing substrate, and UiO-66 Metal-organic framework is employed as a low-frequency (below 2000 Hz) sound absorption enhancer. The results show that the sound absorption coefficient of the composite containing an optimal 0.2 wt% of UiO-66 nanoparticles in the frequency range of 750-2000 Hz is approximately 50% higher than that of pure polyurethane foam.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_10933_3b13b1eb44b05f57735764786fab9c2c.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Phyto nano-synthesis of Metal Oxide (Mg, Cu) Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Characterizations, and Antibacterial ActivityPhyto nano-synthesis of Metal Oxide (Mg, Cu) Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Characterizations, and Antibacterial Activity1351521092910.22075/chem.2026.41640.2463FAHassanKoohestaniFaculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0000-0002-6594-5895AidaGhodrati NezhadFaculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, IranAliBaloochFaculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0009-0005-0700-9088Journal Article20260616In recent years, metal oxide nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in various scientific and technological fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, MgO and CuO metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a green synthesis approach using Verbascum extract, and their structural, chemical, and biological properties were investigated. XRD analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of MgO and CuO nanoparticles with crystallinity percentages of 63.5% and 39.1%, respectively. The crystallite sizes were estimated to be approximately 14 and 21 nm for MgO and CuO, respectively. FTIR spectra verified the presence of characteristic Mg-O and Cu-O bonds. FESEM images revealed that MgO nanoparticles exhibited a dense nanorod/nanoneedle morphology with diameters ranging from approximately 50 to 150 nm and lengths of 300 to 800 nm. In contrast, CuO nanoparticles displayed a three-dimensional porous sponge-like structure with interconnected pores in the range of 200 to 800 nm. EDS analysis further confirmed the high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. Antibacterial evaluation demonstrated that both nanoparticles exhibited identical MIC and MBC values of 270 µg/mL against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, indicating the need for relatively high concentrations to inhibit the bacterium. In contrast, significantly stronger antibacterial activity was observed against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. MgO nanoparticles showed MIC and MBC values of 135 µg/mL, while CuO nanoparticles exhibited the highest antibacterial efficacy with MIC = MBC = 33.75 µg/mL, resulting in complete inhibition of S. aureus. These findings indicate the superior antibacterial performance of CuO nanoparticles compared with MgO, which may be attributed to their porous structure and higher active surface area, enhancing their antimicrobial effectiveness.In recent years, metal oxide nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in various scientific and technological fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, MgO and CuO metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a green synthesis approach using Verbascum extract, and their structural, chemical, and biological properties were investigated. XRD analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of MgO and CuO nanoparticles with crystallinity percentages of 63.5% and 39.1%, respectively. The crystallite sizes were estimated to be approximately 14 and 21 nm for MgO and CuO, respectively. FTIR spectra verified the presence of characteristic Mg-O and Cu-O bonds. FESEM images revealed that MgO nanoparticles exhibited a dense nanorod/nanoneedle morphology with diameters ranging from approximately 50 to 150 nm and lengths of 300 to 800 nm. In contrast, CuO nanoparticles displayed a three-dimensional porous sponge-like structure with interconnected pores in the range of 200 to 800 nm. EDS analysis further confirmed the high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. Antibacterial evaluation demonstrated that both nanoparticles exhibited identical MIC and MBC values of 270 µg/mL against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, indicating the need for relatively high concentrations to inhibit the bacterium. In contrast, significantly stronger antibacterial activity was observed against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. MgO nanoparticles showed MIC and MBC values of 135 µg/mL, while CuO nanoparticles exhibited the highest antibacterial efficacy with MIC = MBC = 33.75 µg/mL, resulting in complete inhibition of S. aureus. These findings indicate the superior antibacterial performance of CuO nanoparticles compared with MgO, which may be attributed to their porous structure and higher active surface area, enhancing their antimicrobial effectiveness.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_10929_a978366be743a2dabe648bebdeb8ade4.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Investigation of corrosion of austenitic stainless steel 304 in the solution of organic acids: oxalic acid and glyoxylic acidInvestigation of corrosion of austenitic stainless steel 304 in the solution of organic acids: oxalic acid and glyoxylic acid1531701100310.22075/chem.2026.40990.2441FASyamakNasiri KokhdanDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Gas and Petroleum, Yasouj University, Gachsaran, Iran0009-0001-4645-1187RaziyehAkbarzadehDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran0009-0007-9036-4316Journal Article20260424In this study, the corrosion behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel was investigated in two acidic media: 0.1 M oxalic acid and 0.5 M glyoxylic acid. Electrochemical techniques including open‑circuit potential measurements (OCP), anodic potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed. The main objective was to compare the corrosion rate and the passive layer formation mechanism in these two industrially relevant acidic environments, particularly for applications in the sanitary and perfumery industries. The polarization curves showed that the 304 stainless steel exhibits active‑passive behavior in both media. However, in oxalic acid, two passive regions were observed: one metastable region attributed to the formation of ferric oxalate, and a stable region due to chromium/iron oxides. In contrast, only one passive region with a wider potential range was observed in glyoxylic acid. Analysis of Nyquist and Bode plots recorded at the open‑circuit potential revealed that both systems display a single time constant, indicating that the corrosion behavior is mainly controlled by the passive layer. The polarization resistance (Rp) values derived from EIS for 304 stainless steel in glyoxylic acid (8.549E20 Ω·cm²) were significantly higher than those in oxalic acid (8943 Ω·cm²), suggesting a much lower corrosion rate in glyoxylic acid. Accordingly, it is recommended that containers made of 304 stainless steel are more suitable for storing solutions containing glyoxylic acid than those containing oxalic acid.In this study, the corrosion behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel was investigated in two acidic media: 0.1 M oxalic acid and 0.5 M glyoxylic acid. Electrochemical techniques including open‑circuit potential measurements (OCP), anodic potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed. The main objective was to compare the corrosion rate and the passive layer formation mechanism in these two industrially relevant acidic environments, particularly for applications in the sanitary and perfumery industries. The polarization curves showed that the 304 stainless steel exhibits active‑passive behavior in both media. However, in oxalic acid, two passive regions were observed: one metastable region attributed to the formation of ferric oxalate, and a stable region due to chromium/iron oxides. In contrast, only one passive region with a wider potential range was observed in glyoxylic acid. Analysis of Nyquist and Bode plots recorded at the open‑circuit potential revealed that both systems display a single time constant, indicating that the corrosion behavior is mainly controlled by the passive layer. The polarization resistance (Rp) values derived from EIS for 304 stainless steel in glyoxylic acid (8.549E20 Ω·cm²) were significantly higher than those in oxalic acid (8943 Ω·cm²), suggesting a much lower corrosion rate in glyoxylic acid. Accordingly, it is recommended that containers made of 304 stainless steel are more suitable for storing solutions containing glyoxylic acid than those containing oxalic acid.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_11003_2da6a99a5ce7553b10fb03803d4994a9.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent for Preconcentration and Determination of Nickel in Water and Food Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption SpectrometryUltrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent for Preconcentration and Determination of Nickel in Water and Food Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry1711921101310.22075/chem.2026.41384.2452FAMohammad RezaJamaliDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran0000-0001-9858-1891MaryamKordiDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranReyhanehRahnamaDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20260528In this study, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES) combined with ultrasound assistance (as a substitute for the disperser solvent) has been developed for the preconcentration and determination of nickel ions in water and food samples. A deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and 3,4-dimethylphenol in a 1:2 molar ratio was synthesized and used as the extraction solvent. Dimethylglyoxime was employed as a chelating agent to form a hydrophobic complex with nickel. Final measurements were carried out using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including sample pH, DES volume, ligand concentration, ultrasonication time, centrifugation speed and time, ionic strength, sample volume, and the effect of interfering ions, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 5–150 µg L⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.9986. The limit of detection was 1.4 µg L⁻¹, the relative standard deviation was 2.4 %, and the preconcentration factor was 50. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of nickel in real water and food samples, with recovery percentages ranging from 94 to 106%. The results indicate that the developed method exhibits good sensitivity, precision, and selectivity, and can be employed as an efficient approach for the determination of trace amounts of nickel in environmental and food samples.In this study, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES) combined with ultrasound assistance (as a substitute for the disperser solvent) has been developed for the preconcentration and determination of nickel ions in water and food samples. A deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and 3,4-dimethylphenol in a 1:2 molar ratio was synthesized and used as the extraction solvent. Dimethylglyoxime was employed as a chelating agent to form a hydrophobic complex with nickel. Final measurements were carried out using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including sample pH, DES volume, ligand concentration, ultrasonication time, centrifugation speed and time, ionic strength, sample volume, and the effect of interfering ions, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 5–150 µg L⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.9986. The limit of detection was 1.4 µg L⁻¹, the relative standard deviation was 2.4 %, and the preconcentration factor was 50. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of nickel in real water and food samples, with recovery percentages ranging from 94 to 106%. The results indicate that the developed method exhibits good sensitivity, precision, and selectivity, and can be employed as an efficient approach for the determination of trace amounts of nickel in environmental and food samples.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_11013_99f6a934a7cf277f2eaece8e3ce619b2.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622The Role of Cell Components in the Performance of Ammonium Vanadate Cathodes in Zinc Ion Batteries: Investigating Slurry Preparation, Electrolyte Effects, and Separator ThicknessThe Role of Cell Components in the Performance of Ammonium Vanadate Cathodes in Zinc Ion Batteries: Investigating Slurry Preparation, Electrolyte Effects, and Separator Thickness1932121101110.22075/chem.2026.40385.2427FAFatemehOstadian BidgoliFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.FarshadBoorboor AjdariFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.0000-0002-8660-0474FereshtehAbbasiFaculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.Journal Article20260127The electrochemical performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries is strongly governed by the properties of their components and their interactions. In this study, a monoclinic NH4V4O10 cathode (space group C2/m) was synthesized, and the combined effects of slurry preparation, separator thickness, and electrolyte composition on its electrochemical performance were systematically investigated. The results reveal that pre-grinding the electrode materials before slurry preparation effectively mitigates capacity fading by promoting a more homogeneous electrode structure. Furthermore, increasing the separator thickness from 0.142 mm to 0.276 mm significantly enhances cycling stability by improving ion transport and suppressing undesirable side reactions. The influence of electrolyte chemistry was also examined, demonstrating that a 1 M Zn (OTf)2 electrolyte outperforms the conventional 1 M ZnSO4 electrolyte owing to its ability to inhibit the formation of parasitic by-products and dramatically reduce the charge-transfer resistance from 520 Ω to 1.23 Ω. Under the optimized conditions, the assembled cell delivered an initial discharge capacity of 167 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and maintained stable cycling for 225 cycles. These findings highlight the critical influence of electrode processing, separator design, and electrolyte selection on improving the structural stability and reaction kinetics of NH4V4O10-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries, providing practical guidelines for developing high-performance zinc-ion energy storage systems.The electrochemical performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries is strongly governed by the properties of their components and their interactions. In this study, a monoclinic NH4V4O10 cathode (space group C2/m) was synthesized, and the combined effects of slurry preparation, separator thickness, and electrolyte composition on its electrochemical performance were systematically investigated. The results reveal that pre-grinding the electrode materials before slurry preparation effectively mitigates capacity fading by promoting a more homogeneous electrode structure. Furthermore, increasing the separator thickness from 0.142 mm to 0.276 mm significantly enhances cycling stability by improving ion transport and suppressing undesirable side reactions. The influence of electrolyte chemistry was also examined, demonstrating that a 1 M Zn (OTf)2 electrolyte outperforms the conventional 1 M ZnSO4 electrolyte owing to its ability to inhibit the formation of parasitic by-products and dramatically reduce the charge-transfer resistance from 520 Ω to 1.23 Ω. Under the optimized conditions, the assembled cell delivered an initial discharge capacity of 167 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and maintained stable cycling for 225 cycles. These findings highlight the critical influence of electrode processing, separator design, and electrolyte selection on improving the structural stability and reaction kinetics of NH4V4O10-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries, providing practical guidelines for developing high-performance zinc-ion energy storage systems.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_11011_35569d4c2d840bb30f2ee92838b6f177.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437217920260622Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Docking Simulations of Iron, Copper, and Chromium Complexes with Target Biomacromolecules, Coupled with Theoretical (DFT) StudiesSynthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Docking Simulations of Iron, Copper, and Chromium Complexes with Target Biomacromolecules, Coupled with Theoretical (DFT) Studies2132341101210.22075/chem.2026.41875.2473FAZahraMardaniDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 57561–51818, I.R of Iran0000-0002-3749-5399ShivaJavidDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 57561–51818, I.R of Iran0009-0008-4432-2016Journal Article20260705The ligand 2-(2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino)cyclohexanol (HEAC) was synthesized via the ring-opening of epoxycyclohexane with 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol and confirmed using 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, through the reaction of this ligand in the presence of 4,4-bipyridine, new complexes of iron(II), copper(II), and chromium(III) metals were prepared and characterized using spectroscopic methods (FT-IR), ICP-OES elemental technique, physical methods (conductivity and melting point), and elemental analysis. Experimental results and DFT calculations indicated a pentacoordinate geometry for the Fe(II) and Cu(II) complexes and a hexacoordinate geometry for the Cr(III) complex in the monomeric models. Molecular docking simulation showed that the synthesized complexes, compared to the reference drug doxorubicin, some of the synthesized complexes showed higher GOLDScore values for interactions with the binding sites of the CatB, rHA, and RNR proteins, such that the highest GOLDScore value of 27.79 was reported for the interaction of complex (1) with the CatB protein. These theoretical findings demonstrate the high potential of the aforementioned complexes for future biological studies and in vivo evaluations.The ligand 2-(2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino)cyclohexanol (HEAC) was synthesized via the ring-opening of epoxycyclohexane with 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol and confirmed using 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, through the reaction of this ligand in the presence of 4,4-bipyridine, new complexes of iron(II), copper(II), and chromium(III) metals were prepared and characterized using spectroscopic methods (FT-IR), ICP-OES elemental technique, physical methods (conductivity and melting point), and elemental analysis. Experimental results and DFT calculations indicated a pentacoordinate geometry for the Fe(II) and Cu(II) complexes and a hexacoordinate geometry for the Cr(III) complex in the monomeric models. Molecular docking simulation showed that the synthesized complexes, compared to the reference drug doxorubicin, some of the synthesized complexes showed higher GOLDScore values for interactions with the binding sites of the CatB, rHA, and RNR proteins, such that the highest GOLDScore value of 27.79 was reported for the interaction of complex (1) with the CatB protein. These theoretical findings demonstrate the high potential of the aforementioned complexes for future biological studies and in vivo evaluations.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_11012_b6358755a5c0aa01034c9870f842a467.pdf