Semnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Electrochemical Deposition of Zn-Cu Alloy on St37 in Choline Chloride-Ethylene Glycol ElectrolyteElectrochemical Deposition of Zn-Cu Alloy on St37 in Choline Chloride-Ethylene Glycol Electrolyte930994910.22075/chem.2025.37286.2358FASamanMasodi SahebAdvanced Materials Research Institute, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.BahramBehnajadyAdvanced Materials Research Institute, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.MehdiOjaghi-IlkhchiAdvanced Materials Research Institute, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20250412Aqueous electrolytes used in electrochemical deposition processes of zinc and its alloys have inherent drawbacks, such as corrosion of metal substrates, undesirable hydrogen gas evolution at high currents, and limited operating voltage. In this research, the electrochemical deposition of Zn-Cu alloy on St37 substrate was performed using choline chloride-ethylene glycol as a deep eutectic solvent (DES). The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the copper to zinc molar ratio in the electrolyte (1 to 10, 1 to 5, and 1 to 3) and current density (1 and 5 mA/(〖cm〗^2 )) on the morphology, chemical composition, and corrosion resistance of the coating. For this purpose, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and polarization testing were used. The results showed that at a copper to zinc molar ratio of 1 to 3 and a current density of 1 mA/(〖cm〗^2 ), only copper was deposited, but by reducing the copper to zinc ratio to 1 to 10, a layer containing 50 at. % zinc was obtained. Furthermore, by increasing the current density from 1 to 5 mA/(〖cm〗^2 ), the percentage of zinc in the zinc-copper alloy layer with a thickness of 3.61 μm increased to 65 at. %. The highest layer thickness, at a current density of 5 mA/(〖cm〗^2 ) and a copper to zinc ratio of 1 to 3, was approximately 16 μm, containing 47 and 53 at. % of zinc and copper, respectively. Also, this formed layer exhibited the lowest corrosion current density (approximately 4.6952 μA/(〖cm〗^2 )).Aqueous electrolytes used in electrochemical deposition processes of zinc and its alloys have inherent drawbacks, such as corrosion of metal substrates, undesirable hydrogen gas evolution at high currents, and limited operating voltage. In this research, the electrochemical deposition of Zn-Cu alloy on St37 substrate was performed using choline chloride-ethylene glycol as a deep eutectic solvent (DES). The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the copper to zinc molar ratio in the electrolyte (1 to 10, 1 to 5, and 1 to 3) and current density (1 and 5 mA/(〖cm〗^2 )) on the morphology, chemical composition, and corrosion resistance of the coating. For this purpose, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and polarization testing were used. The results showed that at a copper to zinc molar ratio of 1 to 3 and a current density of 1 mA/(〖cm〗^2 ), only copper was deposited, but by reducing the copper to zinc ratio to 1 to 10, a layer containing 50 at. % zinc was obtained. Furthermore, by increasing the current density from 1 to 5 mA/(〖cm〗^2 ), the percentage of zinc in the zinc-copper alloy layer with a thickness of 3.61 μm increased to 65 at. %. The highest layer thickness, at a current density of 5 mA/(〖cm〗^2 ) and a copper to zinc ratio of 1 to 3, was approximately 16 μm, containing 47 and 53 at. % of zinc and copper, respectively. Also, this formed layer exhibited the lowest corrosion current density (approximately 4.6952 μA/(〖cm〗^2 )).https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9949_6897ea3e6dab418e5a719b350c59e0b9.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Stabilized Silicon Carbide as a Heterogeneous Photocatalyst in Heck Coupling
Reaction under Visible Light IrradiationSynthesis and Characterization of Palladium Stabilized Silicon Carbide as a Heterogeneous Photocatalyst in Heck Coupling
Reaction under Visible Light Irradiation3148998210.22075/chem.2025.37089.2354FAZahraBazyarDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, 63616-63973, I. R. IranNedaBaluchiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, 63616-63973, I. R. IranMohammadZareiNational Iranian Gas Company (NIGC), South Pars Gas Complex (SPGC), Asaluyeh, IranJournal Article20250314The Heck reaction is recognized as an effective method for the synthesis of high-value organic compounds, and the use of photocatalysts, particularly palladium nanoparticles, can significantly enhance the yield and selectivity of these reactions. In this study, the heterogeneous catalyst palladium/silicon carbide (Pd/SiC) was employed as an effective and useful photocatalyst in the Heck coupling reaction between styrene and various aryl halides under mild photochemical conditions. The impact of various parameters, including solvent type, temperature, and catalyst amount, on the photocatalytic efficiency of palladium nanoparticles was investigated. Under optimized reaction conditions, this process yields well to excellent results. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), porosimetry and surface area analysis (BET), nitrogen adsorption and desorption, ICP methods, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The advantages of this nanocatalyst include the low cost of the catalytic support, desirable active surface, simple catalyst recovery, and the synthesis of diverse alkenyl derivatives with good yields in a short time at ambient temperature and pressure under visible lightThe Heck reaction is recognized as an effective method for the synthesis of high-value organic compounds, and the use of photocatalysts, particularly palladium nanoparticles, can significantly enhance the yield and selectivity of these reactions. In this study, the heterogeneous catalyst palladium/silicon carbide (Pd/SiC) was employed as an effective and useful photocatalyst in the Heck coupling reaction between styrene and various aryl halides under mild photochemical conditions. The impact of various parameters, including solvent type, temperature, and catalyst amount, on the photocatalytic efficiency of palladium nanoparticles was investigated. Under optimized reaction conditions, this process yields well to excellent results. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), porosimetry and surface area analysis (BET), nitrogen adsorption and desorption, ICP methods, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The advantages of this nanocatalyst include the low cost of the catalytic support, desirable active surface, simple catalyst recovery, and the synthesis of diverse alkenyl derivatives with good yields in a short time at ambient temperature and pressure under visible lighthttps://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9982_fc23743336eae777c21be9a11a3bfaf1.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Optimized Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 and its Application as a Peroxidase-Mimicking Nanozyme for Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen PeroxideOptimized Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 and its Application as a Peroxidase-Mimicking Nanozyme for Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide4964998110.22075/chem.2025.37113.2353FAZohreEbrahimpourDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranZeinabMoradi-ShoeiliDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranJournal Article20250524In recent years, nanostructures with enzyme-like activity, particularly peroxidase mimics, have been regarded as promising alternatives to natural enzymes in a variety of applications. In this study, a cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 ( ZIF - 67 ) was synthesized with high efficiency by exposing an aqueous solution of the reactants to an ammonia atmosphere at ambient temperature. The obtained ZIF- 67 exhibited efficient peroxidase-like activity. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the synthesized ZIF -67 had a stronger binding affinity to o-phenylenediamine ( OPD ) as a substrate, as well as higher reaction rates compared to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase ( HRP ). A ZIF-67-based colorimetric method was further developed for H2O2 detection ( linear response range, 10-4-9.96 × 10-4 M ). This facile and low cost synthesis approach is expected to facilitate the large-scale production and practical application of ZIF - 67 and its derivatives as artificial enzymes in the future.In recent years, nanostructures with enzyme-like activity, particularly peroxidase mimics, have been regarded as promising alternatives to natural enzymes in a variety of applications. In this study, a cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 ( ZIF - 67 ) was synthesized with high efficiency by exposing an aqueous solution of the reactants to an ammonia atmosphere at ambient temperature. The obtained ZIF- 67 exhibited efficient peroxidase-like activity. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the synthesized ZIF -67 had a stronger binding affinity to o-phenylenediamine ( OPD ) as a substrate, as well as higher reaction rates compared to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase ( HRP ). A ZIF-67-based colorimetric method was further developed for H2O2 detection ( linear response range, 10-4-9.96 × 10-4 M ). This facile and low cost synthesis approach is expected to facilitate the large-scale production and practical application of ZIF - 67 and its derivatives as artificial enzymes in the future.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9981_1689be168b66a0a5e09300b3b0097865.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Synthesis of Montelukast using dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID)Synthesis of Montelukast using dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID)65741000310.22075/chem.2025.37132.2361FAFarzanehNasiriDepartment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0009-0000-4576-4838JavadMokhtari AliabadDepartment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8512-9513SalmanTaherChemistry & chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, IranZohrehMirJafariDepartment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250605In this paper, a modified and scalable method for the preparation of montelukast (Singulair, a famous drug demonstrated for the chronic and prophylaxis therapy of asthma) is presented based on a new and useful method for performing substitution reactions. The process of preparing montelukast by this method is a practical and economical method, and minimize an amount of impurities and lets the efficient production of montelukast and its scale-up. In this study, the synthesis of montelukast using a new reagent called dichloro imidazolidine dione (DCID) to activate the C-O bond of alcohols has been investigated. Dichloroimidazolidine dione (DCID) alone promoted the reactions and no additional metal catalyst was required. The structures of the synthesized compounds were identified using the comparison of melting point and NMR spectra. The innovation of the present work is related to the application of DCID for the first time to activate the C-O bond of alcohols and use in the relevant reactions.In this paper, a modified and scalable method for the preparation of montelukast (Singulair, a famous drug demonstrated for the chronic and prophylaxis therapy of asthma) is presented based on a new and useful method for performing substitution reactions. The process of preparing montelukast by this method is a practical and economical method, and minimize an amount of impurities and lets the efficient production of montelukast and its scale-up. In this study, the synthesis of montelukast using a new reagent called dichloro imidazolidine dione (DCID) to activate the C-O bond of alcohols has been investigated. Dichloroimidazolidine dione (DCID) alone promoted the reactions and no additional metal catalyst was required. The structures of the synthesized compounds were identified using the comparison of melting point and NMR spectra. The innovation of the present work is related to the application of DCID for the first time to activate the C-O bond of alcohols and use in the relevant reactions.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_10003_ca1271823c9e80efffca89db29e2bc86.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Performance of Electric Fields for Enhanced Oil RecoveryPerformance of Electric Fields for Enhanced Oil Recovery7590984310.22075/chem.2025.37183.2359FANeginGhaderi HayatiDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranJavadSaienDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranFarnazJafariDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranJournal Article20250409With the increase of crude oil consumption and the decrease in extractable resources, the development of new methods to enhanced oil recovery has become of particular concern. One advanced and exploited method in recent years is employing external fields, especially electric fields, to reduce the attraction forces between crude oil and water, which improves the production of oil trapped in reservoirs. In this study, the effects of different electric fields with voltage range of (3-9) V and frequency within (100-900) Hz on the interfacial tension of the crude oil–water system were investigated. The results showed that this property has a significant dependency on the electric field parameters, and that the highest voltage and the frequency adjusted at the optimum value, decreased it from the initial value of 32.0 to 8.8 mN/m, equivalent to a 72.5% reduction and also enhanced oil recovery. This phenomenon is mainly due to the increased adsorption of natural crude oil surfactants at the interface and the creation of electrohydrodynamic flows. In addition, investigations on the performance of electric fields demonstrated that electric field with optimum frequency exhibits higher efficiency attributed to the continuous displacement of the poles.With the increase of crude oil consumption and the decrease in extractable resources, the development of new methods to enhanced oil recovery has become of particular concern. One advanced and exploited method in recent years is employing external fields, especially electric fields, to reduce the attraction forces between crude oil and water, which improves the production of oil trapped in reservoirs. In this study, the effects of different electric fields with voltage range of (3-9) V and frequency within (100-900) Hz on the interfacial tension of the crude oil–water system were investigated. The results showed that this property has a significant dependency on the electric field parameters, and that the highest voltage and the frequency adjusted at the optimum value, decreased it from the initial value of 32.0 to 8.8 mN/m, equivalent to a 72.5% reduction and also enhanced oil recovery. This phenomenon is mainly due to the increased adsorption of natural crude oil surfactants at the interface and the creation of electrohydrodynamic flows. In addition, investigations on the performance of electric fields demonstrated that electric field with optimum frequency exhibits higher efficiency attributed to the continuous displacement of the poles.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9843_382b6fe8244b66df7db22ad0a0777a08.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Synthesis and investigation of properties and applications of 2D copper oxide (CuO) nanosheetsSynthesis and investigation of properties and applications of 2D copper oxide (CuO) nanosheets91108984410.22075/chem.2025.36772.2339FAMohammad RezaJabbariApplied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.MohammadhosseinRasoulifardaApplied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Applied chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranSeyyedeh FatemehHosseiniApplied Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.Journal Article20250202In the present study, copper oxide (CuO) nanosheets were synthesized by a bottom-up (hydrothermal) method. The structural properties, morphology and particle size of the synthesized nanosheets were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. In addition, the photocatalytic properties of the hydrothermally synthesized nanosheets in the removal of the organic dye reactive black 5 were studied and on the other hand, the photocatalytic activity of these nanosheets was compared with spherical copper oxide nanoparticles. The charge transfer during the photocatalytic process and electrochemical properties of the nanosheets and the nanoparticles were investigated by photocurrent, photoluminescence and impedance analyses, respectively. The results showed that copper oxide nanosheets had a higher removal rate (79.42) than copper oxide nanoparticle (32.23). On the other hand, increasing the photocurrent density and decreasing the electrochemical impedance value support the reduction of the recombination rate of the electron-hole pair generated by the light in the nanosheets compared to the copper oxide nanoparticles. Also, the increase in the surface area of the nanosheets compared to the copper oxide nanoparticles led to the creation of active sites for the generation of hydroxyl radicals by the holes created in the valence band to increase the photocatalytic efficiency. Finally, the copper oxide nanosheets can be introduced as highly active photocatalysts for the removal of dye and pharmaceutical pollutants.In the present study, copper oxide (CuO) nanosheets were synthesized by a bottom-up (hydrothermal) method. The structural properties, morphology and particle size of the synthesized nanosheets were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. In addition, the photocatalytic properties of the hydrothermally synthesized nanosheets in the removal of the organic dye reactive black 5 were studied and on the other hand, the photocatalytic activity of these nanosheets was compared with spherical copper oxide nanoparticles. The charge transfer during the photocatalytic process and electrochemical properties of the nanosheets and the nanoparticles were investigated by photocurrent, photoluminescence and impedance analyses, respectively. The results showed that copper oxide nanosheets had a higher removal rate (79.42) than copper oxide nanoparticle (32.23). On the other hand, increasing the photocurrent density and decreasing the electrochemical impedance value support the reduction of the recombination rate of the electron-hole pair generated by the light in the nanosheets compared to the copper oxide nanoparticles. Also, the increase in the surface area of the nanosheets compared to the copper oxide nanoparticles led to the creation of active sites for the generation of hydroxyl radicals by the holes created in the valence band to increase the photocatalytic efficiency. Finally, the copper oxide nanosheets can be introduced as highly active photocatalysts for the removal of dye and pharmaceutical pollutants.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9844_73d10f51fe7b06b8003eae2813b8b5a7.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Synthesis, Characterization and Electrophoretic Deposition of Fe-doped TiO2 Nanoparticles and Investigation of Its Application in the Methylene Blue DegradationSynthesis, Characterization and Electrophoretic Deposition of Fe-doped TiO2 Nanoparticles and Investigation of Its Application in the Methylene Blue Degradation109116984510.22075/chem.2025.37674.2366FAEhsanNarimaniResearch Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranNanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranMahmoudZareiResearch Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranMasihDarbandiNanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20250507The development of efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation, particularly for the degradation of organic pollutants, has gained significant attention in recent years. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as their application in the sonophotocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), a common organic dye pollutant. The incorporation of iron (Fe) into the TiO2 lattice was aimed at enhancing its photocatalytic activity under visible light by reducing the bandgap and minimizing electron-hole recombination. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The electrophoretic deposition technique was employed to create thin films of Fe-doped TiO2 on conductive substrates for practical applications. The sonophotocatalytic performance of the Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. The results demonstrated that Fe-doped TiO2 exhibited superior efficiency (92% degradation in 30 minutes), highlighting its potential for wastewater treatment and environmental cleanup. To complete the research, the reusability of the catalyst was also investigated.The development of efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation, particularly for the degradation of organic pollutants, has gained significant attention in recent years. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as their application in the sonophotocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), a common organic dye pollutant. The incorporation of iron (Fe) into the TiO2 lattice was aimed at enhancing its photocatalytic activity under visible light by reducing the bandgap and minimizing electron-hole recombination. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The electrophoretic deposition technique was employed to create thin films of Fe-doped TiO2 on conductive substrates for practical applications. The sonophotocatalytic performance of the Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. The results demonstrated that Fe-doped TiO2 exhibited superior efficiency (92% degradation in 30 minutes), highlighting its potential for wastewater treatment and environmental cleanup. To complete the research, the reusability of the catalyst was also investigated.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9845_97936d3688e7c56cdd8806b50d9e9a05.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Thermodynamic Study of Adsorption Process of Direct Red 16 Pollutant by LECA/Zirconia AdsorbentThermodynamic Study of Adsorption Process of Direct Red 16 Pollutant by LECA/Zirconia Adsorbent117138974810.22075/chem.2025.36499.2351FAAli RezaSoleymaniDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, IranAzamRamezani DelshadDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, IranMonirehHaerifarDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20250301This study investigates the effect of temperature and consequently the thermodynamic study of the adsorption process of Direct Red 16 dye as a target pollutant in an aqueous environment using fixed LECA/Zirconia adsorbent substrates. For this purpose, a mineral compound called LECA (as a stable substrate) and zirconia nanoparticles (as adsorbent) were prepared separately in the laboratory. Zirconia nanoparticles were coated onto LECA substrate surfaces to form fixed LECA/Zirconia adsorbent substrates. The successful fabrication of the substrates was confirmed by examining transmission and scanning electron microscopy images. To perform the adsorption process, the substrates were fixed on the inner walls of a double-walled hexagonal container. The effect of ambient temperature on the adsorption process was investigated by conducting several experiments at pH 2.7 in the temperature range of 5°C–40°C on solutions with an initial concentration of 30 mg/L of the target pollutant. The results show that temperature has a dual effect on pollutant removal efficiency in the initial and final stages of the adsorption process. In the second minute, increasing the temperature from 5°C to 40°C increased the removal efficiency from 44.1% to 55.7%. In the 30th minute, increasing the temperature from 5°C to 40°C decreased the removal efficiency from 93.2% to 89.3%. Thermodynamic studies showed that the negative values obtained for enthalpy (ΔH° = -18.51 (kJ/mol)), entropy (ΔS° = -0.049 (kJ/mol.K)), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG° < 0 (kJ/mol)) changes indicate exothermic physical adsorption, disorder reduction, and spontaneity of the adsorption process, respectively. The activation energy of the process was obtained by examining the effect of temperature on the second-order rate constants of the process based on the Arrhenius linear relationship, which is equal to 16.09 (kJ/mol).This study investigates the effect of temperature and consequently the thermodynamic study of the adsorption process of Direct Red 16 dye as a target pollutant in an aqueous environment using fixed LECA/Zirconia adsorbent substrates. For this purpose, a mineral compound called LECA (as a stable substrate) and zirconia nanoparticles (as adsorbent) were prepared separately in the laboratory. Zirconia nanoparticles were coated onto LECA substrate surfaces to form fixed LECA/Zirconia adsorbent substrates. The successful fabrication of the substrates was confirmed by examining transmission and scanning electron microscopy images. To perform the adsorption process, the substrates were fixed on the inner walls of a double-walled hexagonal container. The effect of ambient temperature on the adsorption process was investigated by conducting several experiments at pH 2.7 in the temperature range of 5°C–40°C on solutions with an initial concentration of 30 mg/L of the target pollutant. The results show that temperature has a dual effect on pollutant removal efficiency in the initial and final stages of the adsorption process. In the second minute, increasing the temperature from 5°C to 40°C increased the removal efficiency from 44.1% to 55.7%. In the 30th minute, increasing the temperature from 5°C to 40°C decreased the removal efficiency from 93.2% to 89.3%. Thermodynamic studies showed that the negative values obtained for enthalpy (ΔH° = -18.51 (kJ/mol)), entropy (ΔS° = -0.049 (kJ/mol.K)), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG° < 0 (kJ/mol)) changes indicate exothermic physical adsorption, disorder reduction, and spontaneity of the adsorption process, respectively. The activation energy of the process was obtained by examining the effect of temperature on the second-order rate constants of the process based on the Arrhenius linear relationship, which is equal to 16.09 (kJ/mol).https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9748_7e03c62d34540de2ce86a14ecd7f2c15.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Synthesis and investigation of CdS/ZSM-5 photocatalytic activity for removal of xylene vapors from airSynthesis and investigation of CdS/ZSM-5 photocatalytic activity for removal of xylene vapors from air139150984610.22075/chem.2025.36641.2337FAParvanehNakhostin PanahiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zanjan University, Zanjan, IranFatemehNorouziDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran0009-0007-6649-2473Journal Article20250121In this research work, CdS and CdS/ZSM-5 were synthesized by hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic activity was investigated for removing xylene vapors from air in two states: powdered and immobilized on a glass substrate. The CdS in the immobilized state removed a higher percentage of xylene than in the powdered state. Also, by loading CdS onto ZSM-5 zeolite, the photocatalytic activity increased and the CdS/ZSM-5 photocatalyst can decompose 75% of the xylene pollutant. Analysis of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to investigate the physical and chemical properties of CdS and CdS/ZSM-5. According to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, the structure of synthesized cadmium sulfide was hexagonal, and according to the scanning electron microscope images, cadmium sulfide was synthesized in a spherical shape. The UV-visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy also showed that band gap of CdS and CdS/ZSM-5 is 1.85 and 2.24 ev, respectively.In this research work, CdS and CdS/ZSM-5 were synthesized by hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic activity was investigated for removing xylene vapors from air in two states: powdered and immobilized on a glass substrate. The CdS in the immobilized state removed a higher percentage of xylene than in the powdered state. Also, by loading CdS onto ZSM-5 zeolite, the photocatalytic activity increased and the CdS/ZSM-5 photocatalyst can decompose 75% of the xylene pollutant. Analysis of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to investigate the physical and chemical properties of CdS and CdS/ZSM-5. According to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, the structure of synthesized cadmium sulfide was hexagonal, and according to the scanning electron microscope images, cadmium sulfide was synthesized in a spherical shape. The UV-visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy also showed that band gap of CdS and CdS/ZSM-5 is 1.85 and 2.24 ev, respectively.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9846_20a7bb40a88bcdf27026704464715404.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823The inhibitory effect of different surfactants on the corrosion of A335 alloy steel in sodium hydroxide solutionThe inhibitory effect of different surfactants on the corrosion of A335 alloy steel in sodium hydroxide solution151162994410.22075/chem.2025.38209.2375FAAbbasEjlaliDepartment of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, IranAliArabDepartment of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20250704In this study, the corrosion inhibition performance of five different surfactants, including three cationic surfactants: dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DOTAB), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) a nonionic surfactant: Triton X-100, and an anionic surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was investigated on A335 alloy steel in a 4M sodium hydroxide solution. To evaluate the corrosion behavior, electrochemical methods including Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed. The results showed that all surfactants reduced the corrosion rate of the steel sample, but the highest inhibition was related to DOTAB with an efficiency of 84.1% and SDS with an efficiency of 85.3%. FE-SEM images also confirmed the reduction of surface damage in the presence of these inhibitors. The results of this study indicate that the use of surfactants can be an effective and economical method to increase the corrosion resistance of A335 steel in alkaline environments<em>.</em>In this study, the corrosion inhibition performance of five different surfactants, including three cationic surfactants: dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DOTAB), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) a nonionic surfactant: Triton X-100, and an anionic surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was investigated on A335 alloy steel in a 4M sodium hydroxide solution. To evaluate the corrosion behavior, electrochemical methods including Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed. The results showed that all surfactants reduced the corrosion rate of the steel sample, but the highest inhibition was related to DOTAB with an efficiency of 84.1% and SDS with an efficiency of 85.3%. FE-SEM images also confirmed the reduction of surface damage in the presence of these inhibitors. The results of this study indicate that the use of surfactants can be an effective and economical method to increase the corrosion resistance of A335 steel in alkaline environments<em>.</em>https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9944_8486cca9eb5fbfb6e9d52654f01f9675.pdfSemnan University PressApplied Chemistry Today2981-2437207520250823Synthesis and Application of Rubidium and Cerium-Enhanced Nickel Catalysts Based on Activated Carbon in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Vacuum Tower Bottom Residue for Production of Hydrogen-Rich GasSynthesis and Application of Rubidium and Cerium-Enhanced Nickel Catalysts Based on Activated Carbon in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Vacuum Tower Bottom Residue for Production of Hydrogen-Rich Gas163180994710.22075/chem.2025.37366.2364FAArmanAghazadeh ChorsiSchool of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranRuhollahManzel AbadiSchool of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAhmadTavasoliSchool of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250423In this research, nickel catalysts with cerium and rubidium promoters supported on activated carbon derived from almond shell pyrolysis were synthesized to produce hydrogen from vacuum distillation tower bottom residue of Tehran refinery. The catalysts were comprehensively characterized using multiple analytical techniques including ICP, BET, XRD, SEM, and EDX to determine their physical and chemical properties. These catalysts were subsequently tested in a pyrolysis reactor under variable temperature conditions in the presence of steam to optimize hydrogen production. The analysis revealed the formation of nickel nanoparticles with dimensions ranging from 40-60 nanometers distributed across the activated carbon support material. Experimental results demonstrated that maximum hydrogen production of 50.9% was achieved at an optimal temperature of 725°C. The implementation of nickel catalyst on activated carbon support significantly enhanced hydrogen yield to 54.5%. Furthermore, cerium oxide, through its distinctive oxidation-reduction cycle, actively participated in the activation of water molecules, resulting in an additional increase in hydrogen production to 57.3%. The catalytic pyrolysis of vacuum tower bottom residue using these enhanced nickel-based catalysts represents an effective and sustainable approach for hydrogen generation from heavy petroleum waste products, offering a valuable technological solution for converting refinery residues into clean energy resources.In this research, nickel catalysts with cerium and rubidium promoters supported on activated carbon derived from almond shell pyrolysis were synthesized to produce hydrogen from vacuum distillation tower bottom residue of Tehran refinery. The catalysts were comprehensively characterized using multiple analytical techniques including ICP, BET, XRD, SEM, and EDX to determine their physical and chemical properties. These catalysts were subsequently tested in a pyrolysis reactor under variable temperature conditions in the presence of steam to optimize hydrogen production. The analysis revealed the formation of nickel nanoparticles with dimensions ranging from 40-60 nanometers distributed across the activated carbon support material. Experimental results demonstrated that maximum hydrogen production of 50.9% was achieved at an optimal temperature of 725°C. The implementation of nickel catalyst on activated carbon support significantly enhanced hydrogen yield to 54.5%. Furthermore, cerium oxide, through its distinctive oxidation-reduction cycle, actively participated in the activation of water molecules, resulting in an additional increase in hydrogen production to 57.3%. The catalytic pyrolysis of vacuum tower bottom residue using these enhanced nickel-based catalysts represents an effective and sustainable approach for hydrogen generation from heavy petroleum waste products, offering a valuable technological solution for converting refinery residues into clean energy resources.https://chemistry.semnan.ac.ir/article_9947_fd71c4f2638abb1dc4a09281500e0079.pdf