Fabrication of graphene oxide nanoribbon/copper nanoparticles clusters modified electrode for sensitive electrochemical determination of amlodipine

Fouladgar, Masoud; Hasanpour, Foroozan; Semnani, Abolfazl; Daftari, Fatemeh

doi:10.22075/chem.2026.39928.2413

Fabrication of graphene oxide nanoribbon/copper nanoparticles clusters modified electrode for sensitive electrochemical determination of amlodipine

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Masoud Fouladgar ¹

Foroozan Hasanpour ²

Abolfazl Semnani ³

Fatemeh Daftari ³

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Fal.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

² Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-4697, Iran.

³ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, P. O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.

10.22075/chem.2026.39928.2413

Abstract

In this research, a graphene oxide nanoribbon/copper nanoparticles clusters-modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated as a new composite for the sensitive electrochemical measurement of amlodipine. The nanocomposite modifier was coated onto the glassy carbon electrode via a two-step electrodeposition process. The structural characteristics of the nanocomposites on the electrode surface were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR. This modifier significantly enhanced the oxidation current of amlodipine (by 2.6-fold) and enabled its measurement at trace levels. The oxidation mechanism of amlodipine on the modified electrode was found to be controlled by both diffusion and adsorption. The detection limit and linear dynamic range of the method were 0.02 μmol L⁻¹ and 0.1–7.0 μmol L⁻¹, respectively. The relative standard deviation for measuring 1.0 μmol L⁻¹ of amlodipine was found to be 3.5% (n = 6), and a decrease of about 5.1% in the oxidation current of amlodipine was observed over two weeks. The modified electrode was successfully applied for the determination of spiked amlodipine in serum and tablet samples.

Keywords

Modified glassy carbon electrode

Amlodipine

Nanoribbon/copper nanoparticles

Electrochemical determination

Subjects