Investigation of Crystal Violet Adsorption Using a Graphene Oxide–Bassorin Cryogel Adsorbent

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Chemistry, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Chemistry, Ka.C, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Chemistry, ST.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In this research, a calcium-ion crosslinked cryogel based on Bassorin and graphene oxide (GO-BR) was prepared and examined for its potential to eliminate crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions. The cryogel was obtained through a straightforward freeze-drying technique and its structural and physicochemical properties were analyzed by multiple methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study crystallinity, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to observe morphology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional groups, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis for surface area estimation. The adsorption efficiency was assessed under diverse conditions such as contact duration, starting dye level, pH value, temperature, and sorbent dosage. Results demonstrated that the GO-BR cryogel achieved a maximum uptake capacity of 200.08 mg/g. Kinetic investigations showed that the pseudo-first-order model best described the adsorption process, while the equilibrium behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, the material sustained high removal efficiency through five successive regeneration cycles. Overall, GO-BR emerges as an environmentally friendly and biodegradable sorbent with strong prospects for scalable application in dye-contaminated wastewater treatment and industrial purification systems.

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Applied Chemistry Today
Volume 20, Issue 76
December 2025
Pages 31-48

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