Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Liquefied Gas Using Copper Nanoparticle-Modified ZSM-5: Investigation of Process Activity and Stability

Document Type : Original Article

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Chemical Engineering Department, University of Qom, Iran

Abstract

This study explores the thermochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a sustainable strategy for carbon capture and utilization. The process employs catalytic hydrogenation over a Cu/ZSM-5 catalyst, with key reaction parameters—including temperature and residence time—systematically optimized. Under optimal conditions of 410 °C and a residence time of 10 g h⁻¹ mol⁻¹, a CO₂ conversion of 25.8% and an LPG selectivity of 66.9% were achieved, with the primary products being propane and butane. Results reveal that higher reaction temperatures enhance CO₂ conversion but simultaneously increase the undesired formation of CO via the reverse water–gas shift reaction, underscoring the importance of precise temperature control. Overall, the findings highlight thermochemical CO₂ conversion as a promising pathway for renewable LPG production, with significant potential to support cleaner energy systems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These insights contribute to the advancement of sustainable fuel technologies and the integration of carbon-neutral solutions into the energy sector.

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Applied Chemistry Today
Volume 20, Issue 76
December 2025
Pages 183-194

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