Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Imidazole Hole Transport

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Zanjan, Zanjan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry

2 Zanjan, Zanjan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics

Abstract

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are one of the most important components in perovskite solar cell (PSC) which their presence play as a key factor to achieve the high efficiency of conversion of solar irradiation to electricity. That is why the searching of new efficient and cost-effective HTMs for using in PSC is one of the hottest research objects in PSC filed. In this paper, a new generation of a bi-nuclear organic HTM for using in PSC has been prepared and introduced. Bi-nuclear organic-HTM bis(4-(4,5-diphenyl-2-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methane, namely MDA-PI2 , based on benzyl imidazoles was synthesized and fully characterized and finally was applied as a bi-nuclear organic HTMs in PSC. Since the photophysical, photochemical and electrochemical properties of HTMs play key role in a PSC, a variety of analysis and measurements including cyclic voltammetry, thermal stability, photoluminescence and water contact angle were carried out which indicated the promising performance of newly synthesized HTM in a PSC. In addition, the luminescence quenching value of novel HTM was very close to bench-mark Spiro-OMeTAD in the presence of perovskite absorber layer which proved the efficient transferring of holes in PSC. After fabrication of perovskite solar cell without any HTM and with it, the efficiency of PSC was dramatically increased from 1.57 % to 6.60 % , respectively which shown the good performance of HTMs based on imidazole rings.

Keywords

References

[1] E. W. Ernst and H. VonFoerster,  J. Appl. Phys., 25, no. 5 (1954) 674.
[2] B. Balaji S. Srinivas, Babu M. Nagendra and Y. S. Reddy, Int. J. Eng. Res. Online, 3 (2015) 178.
[3] B. Askari Mohammad, V. Mirzaei Mahmoud Abadi and M. Mirhabibi, Am. J. Opt. Photonics, 3, no. 5 (2015) 94.
[4] A. McEvoy and T. Markvart, Solar Cells: Materials, Manufacture and Operation, Academic Press (2012).
[5] S. Sharma, K. K. Jain and A. Sharma, Mater. Sci. Appl., 6, no. 12 (2015) 1145.
[6] T. Saga NPG Asia Mater., 2, no. 3 (2010) 96.
[7] K. L. Chopra, P. D. Paulson and V. Dutta, Prog. Photovoltaics: Research and applications, 12, no. 2‐3 (2004) 69.
[8] B. Pashaei, H. Shahroosvand, M. Graetzel and M. K. Nazeeruddin, Chem. Rev., 116, no. 16 (2016)9485.
[9] P. M. Sirimanne and V. P. S. Perera, Phys. Status Solidi B, 245, no. 9 (2008) 1828.
[10] D. Eder and A. H. Windle, Adv. Mater., 20, no. 9 (2008) 1787.
[11] B. Pashaei, H. Shahroosvand, M. Ameri, E. Mohajerani and M. K. Nazeeruddin, J. Mater. Chem. A, 7, no. 38 (2019) 21867.
[12] R. Sommayeh,  E. Mohammad, H. Mohadeseh, J. Of Applied Chemistry. 15 (1389) 19 .in Persian.
[13] B. Davar, B. Mahdi, J. Of Applied Chemistry, 14 (1389) 74. In Persian.
[14] Wei E. I. Sha, X. Ren, L. Chen and W. C. H. Choy, Appl. Phys. Lett., 106, no.22 (2015) 221104.
[16] T. Tinoco, C. Rincón, M. Quintero, and G. S. Pérez,  Phys. status solidi A, 124, no. 2 (1991) 427.
[16] Z. Yu and L. Sun, Adv. Energy Mater., 5, no. 12 (2015) 1500213.
[17] Jeffrey A. Christians, Raymond C. M. Fung and Prashant V. Kamat, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, no.2 (2013) 758.
[18] Z. Yu and L. Sun, Small Methods, 2, no. 2 (2017) 1700280
[19] S. Chavhan, O. Miguel, H. J. Grande, V. G. Pedro, R. S. Sánchez, E. M. Barea, I. M. Seró and R. T. Zaera, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2, no. 32 (2014) 12754.
[20] D. Bi, C. Yi, J. Luo, J. D. Décoppet, F. Zhang, S. M. Zakeeruddin, X. Li, A. Hagfeldt and M. Grätzel. Nat. Energy, 1, no. 10 (2016) 16142.
[21] L. Calió, S. Kazim, M. Grätzel and S. Ahmad, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 55, no. 47 (2016) 14522.
[22] X. Y. Li, L. P. Zhang, F. Tang, Z. M. Bao, J. Lin, Y. Q. Li, L. Chen, and C. Q. Ma, RSC Adv., 6 (2016) 24501.
[23] S. Zhang, Z. Yu, P. Li, B. Li, F. H. Isikgor, D. Du, K. Sun, Y. Xia and J. Ouyang, Org. Electron, 32 (2016) 149.
[24] W. S. Yang, B. W. Park, E. H. Jung, N. J. Jeon, Y. C. Kim, D. U. Lee, S. S. Shin, J. Seo, E. K. Kim, J. H. Noh and S. I. Seok, Science, 356 ,no. 6345 (2017) 1376.
[25] L. Kegelmann, P. Tockhorn, C. M. Wolff, J. A. Márquez, S. Caicedo-Dávila, L. Korte, T. Unold, W. Lövenich, D. Neher, B. Rech and S. Albrecht, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11 (2019)9172.  
[26] Y. Wu, A. Islam, X. Yang, C. Qin, J. Liu, K. Zhang, W. Peng and L. Han, Energy Environ. Sci., 7, no. 9 (2014) 2934.
[27] F. J. Ramos, K. Rakstys, S. Kazim, M. Grätzel, M. K. Nazeeruddin and S. Ahmad, RSC Adv., 5, no. 66 (2015) 53426.
[28] K. Rakstys, A. Abate, M. I. Dar, P. Gao, V. Jankauskas, G. Jacopin, E. Kamarauskas, S. Kazim, S. Ahmad, M. Grätzel, and M. K. Nazeeruddin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 137, no. 51 (2015) 16172.
[29] B. Eftekhari-Sis, J. Of Applied Chemistry, 8 (2014) 11.
[30] M. Ichikawa, K. Hibino, N. Yokoyama, T. Miki, T. Koyama and Y. Taniguchi, Synth. Met., 156, no. 21 (2006) 1383.
[31] J. Jayabharathi, P. Ramanathan, C. Karunakaran and V. Thanikachalam, J. Fluoresc., 26, no. 1 (2016) 307.
[32] J. Jayabharathi, V. Thanikachalam, M. V. Perumal and N. Srinivasan, J. Fluoresc., 22, no. 1 (2012) 409.
[33] Y. Zhang, S. L. Lai, Q. X. Tong, M. F. Lo, T. W. Ng, M.Y. Chan, Z. C. Wen, J. He, K. S. Jeff, X. L. Tang, W. M. Liu, C. C. Ko, P. F. Wang and C. S. Lee, Chem. Mater., 24 no. 1 (2011) 61.
[34] J. Jayabharathi, V. Thanikachalam, and M. V. Perumal, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 79, no. 3 (2011) 502.
[35] N. Nagarajan, A. Prakash, G. Velmurugan, N. Shakti, M. Katiyar, P. Venuvanalingam, and R. Renganathan, Dyes Pigm., 102 (2014) 180.
[36] A. Yella, L. P. Heiniger, P. Gao, M. K. Nazeeruddin and M. Grätzel, Nano Lett., 14, no. 5 (2014) 2591.
[37] K. Wojciechowski, M. Saliba, T. Leijtens, A. Abate and H. J. Snaith, Energy Environ. Sci., 7, no. 3 (2014) 1142.
[38] H. Zhou, Y. Shi, Q. Dong, H. Zhang, Y. Xing, K. Wang, Y. Du and T. Ma, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 5, no. 18 (2014) 3241.
[39] X. Wang, Y. Fang, L. He, Q. Wang and T. Wu, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., 27, (2014) 569.
[40] M. Shahbazi and H. Wang, Sol. Energy, 123 (2016) 74.
[41] Y. Ma, L. Zheng, Y. H. Chung, S. Chu, L. Xiao, Z. Chen, S. Wang, B. Qu, Q. Gong, Z. Wu and X. Hou, Chem. Commun., 50, no. 83 (2014) 12458.
[42] J. H. Heo, S. H. Im, J. H. Noh, T. N. Mandal, C. S. Lim, J. A. Chang, Y. H. Lee, H. J. Kim, A. Sarkar and M. K. Nazeeruddin, Nat. Photonics, 7, no. 6, (2013) 486.
[43] M. D’Alessandro, M. Aschi, C. Mazzuca, A. Palleschi and A. Amadei, J. Chem. Phys., 139 no. 11 (2013) 114102.
[44] I. J. Bigio and J. R. Mourant, Phys. Med. Biol., 42 ,no. 5 (1997) 803.
[45] A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications. Vol. 2. New York: wiley (1980).
[46] R. S. Nicholson and I. Shain, Anal. Chem. 36, no. 4 (1964) 706.
[47] J. Heinze, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 23, no. 11 (1984) 831.
[48] W. J. Lyons, Text. Res. J., 33, no. 7 (1963) 580.
[49] J. H. Kim, P. W. Liang, S. T. Williams, N. Cho, C. C. Chueh, M. S. Glaz, D. S. Ginger and A. K. Y. Jen, Adv. Mater., 27, no.4 (2015) 695.
[50] M. Liu, M. B. Johnston and H. J. Snaith, Nature, 501 no. 7467 (2013) 395.
Applied Chemistry Today
Volume 16, Issue 58
April 2021
Pages 257-272

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics