Selective Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water, Wastewater, Vegetables and Soil after HS- SPME Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer / UMCM-1/ Deep Eutectic Solvent Fiber by GC-FID

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

In this study, a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber based on metal-organic frameworks/deep eutectic solvents/molecularly imprinted polymers (MOF-DES/MIPs) was developed for the rapid and efficient extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil, vegetables, water, and wastewater samples, followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. The quality and porosity of the MOF-DES/MIPs fiber were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET surface area analysis. The effects of key parameters on extraction efficiency and precision were investigated and optimized using a Box-Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, the developed method exhibited linearity over a calibration range of 0.05-150 μg L⁻¹. The detection limits and relative standard deviations (RSD) (n=5) ranged from 0.015 to 0.019 μg L⁻¹ and 2.0% to 4.9%, respectively. Individual PAH recoveries from spiked real samples were between 94.3% and 106.1%. The method's high extraction efficiency, use of safe and inexpensive components, short analysis time, and simplicity suggest it has significant potential for the selective determination of trace PAHs in various real samples, including water, vegetables, and surface soils from oil exploration areas.

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Applied Chemistry Today
Volume 19, Issue 73
in progress...
December 2025
Pages 185-206

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