Applied Chemistry Today

Applied Chemistry Today

Photocatalytic Degradation of Direct Red 23 and Direct Brown 166 Azo Dyes Using Polyoxometalate-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 71961, Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht , Iran
Abstract
In this study, the polyoxometalate-titanium dioxide nanocomposite (SiW11-TiO2) was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM/EDS, BET, and TEM techniques. The performance of this nanocomposite as a nanophotocatalyst was then investigated for the degradation of the dyes DR 23 and DB 166 under various conditions, including irradiation time, photocatalyst dosage, dye solution concentration, and pH, under visible light from a sodium lamp and sunlight. The results demonstrated that this photocatalyst, using only 10 mg at acidic pH and within 30 minutes, could significantly degrade these dyes, with a marked increase in degradation efficiency under sunlight. The kinetic study of the degradation reaction indicated that the process follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Additionally, experimental results revealed that the SiW11-TiO2 nanocomposite exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to SiW11 alone. This nanocomposite not only has the capability to completely degrade azo dyes but also demonstrated stability and reusability up to 12 cycles and effective performance in real sample applications.
Keywords
Subjects

[1] Karimi-Shamsabadi, M., & Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, A. (2016). Comparative study on the increased photoactivity of coupled and supported manganese-silver oxides onto a natural zeolite nano-particles. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 418, 103-114.
[2] Dianat, S. (2018). Visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of direct red 23 and direct brown 166 by InVO4-TiO2 nanocomposite. Iranian Journal of Catalysis, 8(2), 121-132.
[3] Tkaczyk, A., Mitrowska, K., & Posyniak, A. (2020). Synthetic organic dyes as contaminants of the aquatic environment and their implications for ecosystems: A review. Science of the total environment, 717, 137222.
[4] Kerrou, M., Bouslamti, N., Raada, A., Elanssari, A., Mrani, D., & Slimani, M. S. (2021). The use of sugarcane bagasse to remove the organic dyes from wastewater. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2021.
[5] Dawood, S., & Sen, T. (2014). Review on dye removal from its aqueous solution into alternative cost effective and non-conventional adsorbents. Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering, 1(104), 1-11.
[6] Ahmad, A., Mohd-Setapar, S. H., Chuong, C. S., Khatoon, A., Wani, W. A., Kumar, R., & Rafatullah, M. (2015). Recent advances in new generation dye removal technologies: novel search for approaches to reprocess wastewater. RSC advances, 5(39), 30801-30818.
[7] Vishnu, D., Dhandapani, B., Authilingam, S., & Sivakumar, S. V. (2022). A comprehensive review of effective adsorbents used for the removal of dyes from wastewater. Current Analytical Chemistry, 18(3), 255-268.
[8] Devaisy, S., Kandasamy, J., Aryal, R., Johir, M. A. H., Ratnaweera, H., & Vigneswaran, S. (2023). Removal of organics with ion-exchange resins (IEX) from reverse osmosis concentrate. Membranes, 13(2), 136.
[9] Titchou, F. E., Zazou, H., Afanga, H., El Gaayda, J., Akbour, R. A., Nidheesh, P. V., & Hamdani, M. (2021). Removal of organic pollutants from wastewater by advanced oxidation processes and its combination with membrane processes. Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification, 169, 108631.
[10] Ismail, G. A., & Sakai, H. (2022). Review on effect of different type of dyes on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for textile color removal. Chemosphere, 291, 132906.
[11] Ma, Y., Wang, X., Jia, Y., Chen, X., Han, H., & Li, C. (2014). Titanium dioxide-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic fuel generations. Chemical reviews, 114(19), 9987-10043.
[12] Peiris, S., de Silva, H. B., Ranasinghe, K. N., Bandara, S. V., & Perera, I. R. (2021). Recent development and future prospects of TiO2 photocatalysis. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 68(5), 738-769.
[13] Dette, C., Pérez-Osorio, M. A., Kley, C. S., Punke, P., Patrick, C. E., Jacobson, P., Kern, K. (2014). TiO2 anatase with a bandgap in the visible region. Nano letters, 14(11), 6533-6538.
[14] Moafi, H. F. (2016). Photocatalytic self-cleaning properties of lanthanum and silver co-doped TiO2 nanocomposite on polymeric fibers. Iranian Journal of Catalysis, 6(3), 281-292.
[15] Rostami-Vartooni, A., Nasrollahzadeh, M., Salavati-Niasari, M., & Atarod, M. (2016). Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by titanium dioxide supported silver nanoparticles prepared by a green method using Carpobrotus acinaciformis extract. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 689, 15-20.
[16] Vaz, B., & Pérez-Lorenzo, M. (2023). Unraveling structure–performance relationships in porphyrin-sensitized TiO2 photocatalysts. Nanomaterials, 13(6), 1097.
[17] Qian, R., Zong, H., Schneider, J., Zhou, G., Zhao, T., Li, Y., Pan, J. H. (2019). Charge carrier trapping, recombination and transfer during TiO2 photocatalysis: An overview. Catalysis Today, 335, 78-90.
[18] Li, S., Cai, J., Wu, X., & Zheng, F. (2018). Sandwich-like TiO2/ ZnO-based noble metal (Ag, Au, Pt, or Pd) for better photo-oxidation performance: Synergistic effect between noble metal and metal oxide phases. Applied Surface Science, 443, 603-612.
[19] Ran, H., Fan, J., Zhang, X., Mao, J., & Shao, G. (2018). Enhanced performances of dye-sensitized solar cells based on Au-TiO2 and Ag-TiO2 plasmonic hybrid nanocomposites. Applied Surface Science, 430, 415-423.
[20] Asahi, R., Morikawa, T., Ohwaki, T., Aoki, K., & Taga, Y. (2001). Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides. science, 293(5528), 269-271.
[21] Ma, X., Wang, C., Wu, F., Guan, Y., & Xu, G. (2020). TiO2 nanomaterials in photoelectrochemical and electrochemiluminescent biosensing. Surface-modified Nanobiomaterials for Electrochemical and Biomedicine Applications, 1-17.
[22] Fielden, J., Sumliner, J. M., Han, N., Geletii, Y. V., Xiang, X., Musaev, D. G., Hill, C. L. (2015). Water splitting with polyoxometalate-treated photoanodes: enhancing performance through sensitizer design. Chemical science, 6(10), 5531-5543.
[23] Shi, H., Yu, Y., Zhang, Y., Feng, X., Zhao, X., Tan, H., Wang, E. (2018). Polyoxometalate/TiO2/Ag composite nanofibers with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 221, 280-289.
[24] Lai, S. Y., Ng, K. H., Cheng, C. K., Nur, H., Nurhadi, M., & Arumugam, M. (2021). Photocatalytic remediation of organic waste over Keggin-based polyoxometalate materials: A review. Chemosphere, 263, 128244.
[25] Ozer, R. R., & Ferry, J. L. (2001). Investigation of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2− polyoxometalate systems. Environmental science & technology, 35(15), 3242-3246.
[26] Li, K., Guo, Y., Ma, F., Li, H., Chen, L., & Guo, Y. (2010). Design of ordered mesoporous H3PW12O40-titania materials and their photocatalytic activity to dye methyl orange degradation. Catalysis Communications, 11(9), 839-843.
[27] Khoshnavazi, R., Sohrabi, H., Bahrami, L., & Amiri, M. (2017). Photocatalytic activity inhancement of TiO2 nanoparticles with lanthanide ions and sandwich-type polyoxometalates. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 83, 332-341.
[28] Wu, P., Xue, Q., Liu, J., Wang, T., Feng, C., Liu, B., Xue, G. (2021). In Situ Depositing Ag NPs on PDA/SiW11VCo‐encapsulated Fe3O4/TiO2 Magnetic Microspheres as Highly Efficient and Durable Visible‐light‐driven Photocatalysts. ChemCatChem, 13(1), 388-396.
[29] Zhao, X., Zhang, S., Yan, J., Li, L., Wu, G., Shi, W., Cheng, P. (2018). Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalysts. Inorganic Chemistry, 57(9), 5030-5037.
[30] Liu, Y., Tang, C., Cheng, M., Chen, M., Chen, S., Lei, L., Li, L. (2021). Polyoxometalate/Metal–Organic Framework Composites as Effective Photocatalysts. ACS Catalysis, 11(21), 13374-13396.
[31] Tézé, A., & Hervé, G. (1977). Formation et isomerisation des undeca et dodeca tungstosilicates et germanates isomeres. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 39(6), 999-1002.
[32] Praveen, P., Viruthagiri, G., Mugundan, S., & Shanmugam, N. (2014). Structural, optical and morphological analyses of pristine titanium di-oxide nanoparticles-Synthesized via sol-gel route. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 117, 622-629.
[33] Al-Oubidy, E. A., & Kadhim, F. J. (2019). Photocatalytic activity of anatase titanium dioxide nanostructures prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering technique. Opt. Quantum Electron. 51(1), 23.
[34] Ahmadi- Direstani, S., Dianat, S. (2023). A novel bio-electrochemical sensor based on a 1, 4-bis (triphenylphosphonium) butane)3[SiW11O39Ni(H2O)]/P@ERGO nanocomposite for the selective determination of l-cysteine and l-tryptophan. Mater. Adv., 4, 5761-5774.
[35] Sharifi, M., Dianat, S., & Hosseinian, A. (2021). Electrochemical investigation and amperometry determination iodate based on ionic liquid/polyoxotungstate/P-doped electrochemically reduced graphene oxide multi-component nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. RSC adv. 11(15), 8993-9007.
[36] Kepert, D. L., & Kyle, J. H. (1978). Stepwise base decomposition of 12-tungstosilicate(4-). J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. (2), 137-141.
[37] Asghar, A., Raman, A. A. A., & Daud, W. M. A. W. (2015). Advanced oxidation processes for in-situ production of hydrogen peroxide/hydroxyl radical for textile wastewater treatment: a review. J. Cleaner Prod. 87, 826-838.
[38] Kalaiarasan, S., Uthirakumar, P., Shin, D.-Y., & Lee, I.-H. (2021). The degradation profile of high molecular weight textile reactive dyes: A daylight induced photocatalytic activity of ZnO/carbon quantum dot photocatalyst. Environ. Nanotechnol., Monit. Manage. 15, 100423.
[39] Li, J.-S., Sang, X.-J., Chen, W.-L., Zhang, L.-C., Zhu, Z.-M., Ma, T.-Y., Wang, E.-B. (2015). Enhanced Visible Photovoltaic Response of TiO2 Thin Film with an All-Inorganic Donor-Acceptor Type Polyoxometalate. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7(24), 13714-13721.
[40] Cherevan, A. S., Nandan, S. P., Roger, I., Liu, R., Streb, C., & Eder, D. (2020). Polyoxometalates on functional substrates: concepts, synergies, and future perspectives. Adv. Sci. 7(8), 1903511.