دندریمرهای پلی آمیدوآمین اصلاح شده با نانوذرات مغناطیسی به عنوان جاذب برای ریز استخراج فاز جامد مغناطیسی همزمان میکونازول، کلوتریمازول و تیکونازول و اندازه گیری با دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارآیی بالا

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیمی تجزیه، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

2 گروه شیمی تجزیه، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

3 گروه شیمی آلی، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

چکیده

در این مطالعه، یک جاذب جدید بر اساس نسل دوم پلی (آمیدوآمین) مغناطیسی پوشش داده شده با سیلیس Fe3O4@SiO2@PAMAM))سنتز شد. . سپس، از میکروسکوپی الکترون روبشی با گسیل اثر میدانی (FE-SE)، طیف‌بینی پراش پرتوی ایکس (XRD)، طیف بینی مادون قرمز - تبدیل فوریه (FT- IR) ،آنالیز حرارتی وزن سنجی (TGA)، میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری (TEM) برای بررسی ریخت‌شناسی و ساختاری جاذب تهیه‌شده، استفاده گردید. برای بررسی کارآیی روش، میکونازول، کلوتریمازول و تیکونازول به‌عنوان سه گونه‌ی آزمایشی هدف انتخاب شدند و به منظور بررسی کارآیی روش پیشنهادی در آنالیز نمونه‌های حقیقی، نمونه‌‌های بیولوژیکی، مانند: ادرار و پلاسما مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفتند. تحت شرایط بهینه، گستره‌ی خطی غلظتی برای میکونازول دربازه‌ی µg L-1 1-200،برای کلوتریمازول در بازه‌ی µg L-1 1-500 و برای تیکونازول در بازه‌ی µg L-1 1-200 با ضریب تعیین (2r) دربازه‌ی 9871/0 تا 9977/0 در اندازه‌گیری آن‌ها توسط HPLC-UV محاسبه شدند. LOD روش برای میکونازول، کلوتریمازول و تیکونازول، به ترتیب µg L-116/0، µg L-118/0 و µg L-1 14/0 و LOQ روش نیز برای برای میکونازول، کلوتریمازول و تیکونازول ، به ترتیب µg L-1 53/0، µg L-1 60/0 وµg L-1 46/0 محاسبه گردیدند. RSD% روش در یک روز برای گونه‌های مورد بررسی در محدوده‌ی 9/5-6/4 برآورد شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Dendritic Poly (amidoamine) Functionalized with Magnetic Nanoparticles as Sorbent for Simultaneous Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Miconazole, Clotrimazole and Tioconazole Followed by Determination via HPLC-UV

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Shirkhodayekashani 1
  • Sayed Mehdi Ghoreishi 1
  • Milad Ghani 2
  • Behrooz Maleki 3
1 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
2 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, an attempt was made to synthesize a new sorbent based on the second generation of silica coated magnetic poly(amidoamine) (Fe3O4@SiO2@PAMAM) to improve the performance of magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of some antifungal drugs including miconazole, clotrimazole and ticonazole in various real samples such as urine and human plasma. The extracted analytes were measured by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to study the morphology and structure of the prepared sorbent. The various factors such as: extraction time, sorbent amount, solvent desorption volume, desorption time, ionic strength and pH were studied and optimized. The method is validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to precision, accuracy, linearity, specificity, robustness, and limits of detection and quantification. Under the optimized condition, the linearity of the method was in the range of 1–500 µg L-1 (miconazole= 1-200 µg L-1, clotrimazole = 1-500 µg L-1 and ticonazole = 1-200 µg L-1). The obtained correlation coefficients (r^2) were between 0.9871-0.9977. The limits of detection (LODs) were also calculated to be 0.14-0.18 µg L-1 (miconazole= 0.16 µg L-1, clotrimazole = 0.18 µg L-1 and ticonazole=0.14 µg L-1). The limits of quantification (LOQs) were also in the range of 0.46-0.60 µg L-1 for the selected analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs%), were obtained in the range of 4.6 to 5.9%. Moreover, the calculated enrichment factors were between 85 and 93. The proposed method was also employed for the analysis of various real samples such as urine and plasma samples. The obtained recoveries indicated that the method was useful and applicable in complicated real samples

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Magnetic solid phase extraction
  • PAMAM
  • Antifungal
  • HPLC
  • Response surface methodology

This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA 4.0 license.( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

[1] Shamsi, F., Sheibani, A., & Shishebore, M. R. (2023). Solid phase extraction based on magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite and ion mobility spectrometry for determination of bupropion. Applied Chemistry18(66), 9-26. (in Persian)
[2] Karimnia, E., Ghorbani Kalhor, E., Farhadi, K., & Vardini, M. T. (2021). Application of magnetic nanoparticles, functionalized using graphene oxide by RAFT agent as nanoabsorbent in dispersive solid phase microextraction of melamine from aqueous media. Applied Chemistry16(61), 125-140. (in Persian)
[3] Xu, L., & Lee, H.K. (2007). Zirconia hollow fiber: preparation, characterization, and microextraction application. Analytical chemistry, 79(14): p. 5241-5248.
[4] Halvorsen, T.G., Pedersen-Bjergaard, S., & Rasmussen, K.E. (2001). Reduction of extraction times in liquid-phase microextraction. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 760(2): p. 219-226.
[5] Ebrahimzadeh Mabood, H., Khalilzadeh, S., Asgharinezhad, A., & Mehrani, Z. (2020). Synthesis and application of magnetic ion imprinted polymer nanoparticles for selective extraction and preconcentration of Cd (II) in real samples. Applied Chemistry15(55), 135-148. (in Persian)
[6] Yaghi, O., & Li, H. (1995). Hydrothermal synthesis of a metal-organic framework containing large rectangular channels. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 117(41): p. 10401-10402.
[7] Ghani, M., Zayeri, Z., & Maleki, B., (2021). Glutathione-stabilized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction of diazepam and sertraline from urine samples through quantitation via high-performance liquid chromatography Journal of Separation Science, 44 (6), 1195-1202.
[8] Maleki, B., Alinezhad, H., Atharifar H., Tayebee, R., & Mofrad, AV, (2019). One-Pot Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines Catalyzed by ZnCl2 Supported on Nano Fe3O4@SiO2 Organic Preparations and Procedures International 51 (3), 301-309.
[9] Kainz, Q.M., & Reiser, O., (2013). Polymer-and dendrimer-coated magnetic nanoparticles as versatile supports for catalysts, scavengers, and reagents Accounts of chemical research. 47 667–677.
[10] Karbasaki, S.S., Bagherzade, G., Maleki, B., & Ghani, M., (2021). Fabrication of sulfamic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with denderimeric linkers and its application for microextraction purposes, one-pot preparation of pyrans pigments and removal of malachite green. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 118, 342-354.
[11] Lakshmi, K., & Rangasamy, R., (2021). Synthetic modification of silica coated magnetite cored PAMAM dendrimer to enrich branched Amine groups and peripheral carboxyl groups for environmental remediationJournal of Molecular Structure, 1224, 129081.
[12] Eghbali, P., Ulvi Gürbüz, M., Serol Ertürk, A., & Metin O., (2020). In situ synthesis of dendrimer-encapsulated palladium (0) nanoparticles as catalysts for hydrogen production from the methanolysis of ammonia borane. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 26274-26285.
[13] Maleki, B., Baghayeri, M., Ghanei-Motlagh, M., Mohammadi Zonoz, F., Amiri. A., Hajizadeh, F., Hosseinifar, A. R., 7 Esmaeilnezhad, E., (2019). Polyamidoamine dendrimer functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for simultaneous electrochemical detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions in environmental waters. Measurement, 140, 81-88.
[14] Adibian, F., Pourali, A.R., Maleki, B., Baghayeri, M., & Amiri A., (2020). One‐pot synthesis of dihydro-1H-indeno[1,2-b] pyridines and tetrahydrobenzo[b] pyran derivatives using a new and efficient nanocomposite catalyst based on N‐butylsulfonate‐functionalized MMWCNTs-D-NH2. Polyhedron, 175, 114179.
[15] Ötles S., & Kartal C., (2016).  Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE): Principles and applications in food samples. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia., 15, 5-15.
[16] Arthur C. L., & Pawliszyn J., (1990) Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Analytical chemistry. 62, 2145-2148.
[17] Dinesh, N.D., Nagaraja, P., & Rangappa, K. S., (2004). A Sensitive Spectrophotometric Assay for Tinidazole and Metronidazole Using a Pd-C and Formic Acid Reduction System, Turkish Journal of chemistry., Vol. 28, pp. 335 – 343,
[18] Lu, Sh., Wu, K., Dang, X., & Hu, Sh., (2004). Electrochemical Reduction and Voltammetric Determination of Metronidazole at a Nanomaterial Thin Film Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode, Talanta, Vol. 63, pp. 653-657,
[19] Bartlett, P.N., Ghoneim, E., El-Hefnawy, G., & El-Hallag, I., (2005). Voltammetry and Determination of Metronidazole at a Carbon Fiber Microdisk Electrode, Talanta, Vol. 66, pp. 869-874.
[20] Hajizadeh, F., Maleki, B., Zonoz, FM., & Amiri, A., (2021). Application of structurally enhanced magnetite cored polyamidoamine dendrimer for knoevenagel condensationJournal of the Iranian Chemical Society. 18 (4), 793-804
[21] D’Ovidio, C., Bonelli, M., Rosato, E., & Tartaglia, A., (2022). Novel Applications of Microextraction Techniques Focused on Biological and Forensic Analyses. Separations, 9(1), 18.
[22] Zhang, M., Grant, A. M., Murray, L. Barclay, E., & Begg, J., (2013). A Simple High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Three Triazole Antifungals in Human Plasma. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 57(1), 484-489.
[23] Cemal, A., Sibel A., & zkan, O., (2002). Simultaneous determination of metronidazole and miconazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms by RP-HPLC, Il Farmaco 57(11), 953-957.
[24] Tavakoli, N., Varshosaz, J., Dorkoosh, F.,  & Zargarzadeh, M. R., (2007). Development and validation of a simple HPLC method for simultaneous in vitro determination of amoxicillin and metronidazole at single wavelength, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 43 .325–329
[25] Alipour, F., Raoof, J.B., Ghani, M., (2020). In-situ synthesis of flower like Co3O4 nanorod arrays on anodized aluminum substrate templated from layered double hydroxide as a nanosorbent for thin film microextraction of acidic drugs followed by HPLC-UV quantitation, Journal of Chromatography B 1144 .122090.