بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس های زیره سبز، زیره سیاه و اسطوخودوس و اثر آن ها علیه قارچ بیماری زای گوجه فرنگی (Fusarium oxysporum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شاهد

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر ضدقارچی سه اسانس زیره سبز، زیره سیاه، اسطوخودوس و پوشش‌های حاوی این اسانس‌ها، که بر پایه مالتودکسترین فرموله شدند، علیه Fusarium oxysporum انجام شد. این قارچ یکی از بیماری‌زاترین پاتوژن‌های گوجه فرنگی در بازار میوه و تره بار تهران است. ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی اسانس‌ها توسط روش‌های GC و GC-MS شناسایی و تعیین مقدار شدند. همچنین فعالیت ضدقارچی آن‌ها علیه جوانه زنی اسپور قارچ، رشد میسلیوم و میوه تلقیح شده بررسی شد. با توجه به نتایج، ترکیبات cuminaldehyde با% 54/34، γ-terpinene با % 30/18، p-cymen-7-ol با % 19/13 و p-cymenene با % 82/12در اسانس زیره سبز، carvone با % 74/28، p-cymen-7-ol با % 02/12، p-cymenene با % 55/11، safrole با % 93/8 و β-pinene با % 88/5 در اسانس زیره سیاه و camphor با % 11/19، eucalyptol با % 90/15، α-pinene با % 69/6، 3-carene با % 50/6 و β-caryophyllene با % 38/5 در اسانس اسطوخودوس به عنوان اجزای اصلی آن‌ها مشخص شدند. با توجه به نتایج، اسانس‌ زیره سیاه با IC50 معادل mg/mL 64/0 بهتر از اسانس‌های زیره سبز (mg/mL 05/1IC50= ) و اسطوخودوس (mg/mL 89/0IC50= ) علیه جوانه زنی اسپور قارچ عمل کرد. در حالی که IC50 مربوط به کرزوکسیم متیل (یک قارچ کش استاندارد) معادل mg/mL 11/0 بدست آمد. همچنین، نتایج فعالیت ضدقارچی اسانس‌ها علیه رشد میسیلیوم نیز برتری نسبی اسانس زیره سیاه را نسبت به دو اسانس دیگر نشان می‌دهد. پوشش حاوی اسانس زیره سیاه توانست با مهار 37/79 درصدی رشد قارچ بر روی میوه تلقیح شده، بهترین عملکرد را نشان دهد. در حالی که پوشش‌های حاوی اسانس‌های زیره سبز و اسطوخودوس 43/71 و 09/38 درصد مهار نشان دادند نتایج نشان می‌دهد پوشش حاوی اسانس زیره سیاه یک پوشش ضد قارچ قوی است که می‌توان از آن با هدف افزایش طول انبارمانی و حفظ کیفیت میوه‌های گوجه فرنگی استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phytochemical investigation of cumin, black cumin, and lavender essential oils and their effects against tomato pathogenic fungus (Fusarium oxysporum)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Dehghan
  • Seyed Abdollah Hashemi
  • Seyed Jalal Tabatabaei
Shahed University
چکیده [English]

The current study aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of cumin, black cumin, and lavender essential oils and their maltodextrin-based coatings against Fusarium oxysporum, one of the most locally predominant tomato fungal pathogens (Tehran, Iran). Also, investigation of some qualitative characteristics of coated tomato fruits during storage was aimed. The phytochemical constituents of the essential oils were evaluated using GC and GC–MS methods. Also, the inhibitory activities of the oils were examined against spore germination, mycelial growth, and fungal infection development on tomato fruits. According to the results, cuminaldehyde (34.54 %), γ-terpinene (18.30 %), p-cymen-7-ol (13.19 %) and p-cymenene (12.82 %) in cumin, carvone (28.74 %), p-cymen-7-ol (12.02 %), p-cymenene (11.55 %), safrole (8.93 %) and β-pinene (5.88 %) in black cumin, and camphor (19.11 %), eucalyptol (15.90 %), α-pinene (6.69 %), 3-carene (6.50 %) and β-Caryophyllene (5.38 %) in lavender essential oil were determined as main components. In spore germination assay, cumin, black cumin, and lavender essential oils exhibited potent activities with IC50 values of 1.05, 0.64 and 0.89 mg/mL, respectively. While, kresoxim-methyl (a standard antifungal agent) inhibited the fungal strain with IC50 value of 0.11 mg/mL. Furthermore, black cumin oil showed the most activities against mycelial growth of fungus. Furthermore, the coating enriched with black cumin oil showed the most inhibitory activity to reduce fungal growth on inoculated fruits, with a severity reduction of 79.2%. Whereas, cumin and lavender coatings showed significant activities with 71.43 and 38.09% inhibition, respectively. The results indicated that black cumin coating is a potent antifungal coating that of interest for the bioactive packaging of tomato fruits to extend their shelf life.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil
  • Fusarium oxysporum
  • Tomato
  • Fruit coating

This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA 4.0 license.( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

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شیمى کاربردى روز
دوره 19، شماره 70
فروردین 1403
صفحه 243-260

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