شیمى کاربردى روز

شیمى کاربردى روز

بیوسنتز، شناسایی و کاربرد نانوذرات پالادیم در واکنش جفت‌شدن میزوروکی– هک

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران
2 مرکز تحقیقات بیوسنسور و انرژی، دانشگاه آیت‌الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران
3 گروه شیمی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
4 گروه شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده نفت و گاز، دانشگاه یاسوج، گچساران ، ایران
چکیده
نانوذرات پالادیم (Pd NPs) با بهره‌گیری از رویکردی زیستی و به‌کمک کلرید پالادیم (II) به‌عنوان پیش‌ماده و عصاره برگ Allium jesdianum (عصاره A.J.L) به‌عنوان عامل کاهنده زیستی، در محیط آبی و بدون نیاز به هیچ‌گونه عامل شیمیایی خارجی، به‌صورت موفقیت‌آمیز سنتز شدند. این روش به‌عنوان یک مسیر سبز، ساده و سازگار با محیط‌زیست محسوب می‌شود. عصاره برگ Allium jesdianum سرشار از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی نظیر پلی‌فنول‌ها، پلی‌ال‌ها، قندها، فلاونوئیدها و ترکیبات هتروسیکل است که در فرآیند احیای یون‌های پالادیم (II) به نانوذرات فلزی، نقش عوامل احیاکننده و پایدارکننده را ایفا می‌کنند.
به‌منظور شناسایی و بررسی ویژگی‌های ساختاری و مورفولوژی نانوذرات پالادیم سنتزشده، از روش‌های مختلفی از جمله طیف‌سنجی فرابنفش-مرئی (UV-Vis)، میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی با نشر میدانی (FESEM)، طیف‌سنجی انرژی‌پراکنشی پرتو ایکس (EDS) و میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری (TEM) استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل تصاویر FESEM و TEM نشان‌دهنده تشکیل نانوذرات کروی‌شکل پالادیم با اندازه‌ای در بازه ۱۰ تا ۵۹ نانومتر بود. برای ارزیابی عملکرد کاتالیستی نانوذرات زیستی پالادیم، از واکنش جفت‌شدن میزوروکی–هک بهره‌گیری شد. در این راستا، واکنش بین ترکیبات آریل هالید و n-بوتیل آکریلات تحت شرایط هوازی و بدون استفاده از حلال انجام پذیرفت که منجر به تولید محصولات مورد نظر با بازده بالا گردید. فرایند جداسازی نانوکاتالیست نیز بدون نیاز به مراحل پیچیده و زمان‌بر صورت گرفت. افزون بر این، امکان بازیافت و استفاده مجدد از نانوکاتالیست از طریق صاف کردن ساده فراهم بوده و عملکرد آن در شش چرخه متوالی بدون کاهش قابل‌توجه حفظ شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Biosynthesis, Characterization and Application of Palladium Nanoparticles in Mizoroki–Heck Coupling

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Panahimehr 1 2
Sadegh Rahmati 3
Hojatollah Hossainian 4
Mehdi Hosseini 1 2
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
2 Biosensor and Energy Research center, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
3 Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
4 Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Gas and Petroleum, Yasouj University, Gachsaran, Iran
چکیده English

Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) have been successfully biosynthesized via biogenic production using starting materials of Palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2) and bio-reductant Allium jesdianum leaf extract (A.J.L extract) as a green and straightforward technique in aqueous solution without any external agent. Leaf extracts are a rich source of phytochemicals such as polyols, polyphenols, sugars, flavonoids, and heterocyclic components, which function as capping, reducing, and stabilizing agents in the reductive process of Palladium (II) ions to Pd NPs under in-situ conditions. The as-synthesized palladium nanostructures were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm and study the morphological properties of the bio-produced palladium nanoparticles. FESEM and TEM analysis demonstrated the formation of spherically shaped Pd NPs with a diameter in the range of 10-59 nm. The Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reaction was used to investigate the catalytic activity of biosynthesized palladium nanoparticles. The reactions of various aryl halides with n-butyl acrylate were conducted under aerobic and solvent-free conditions, resulting in high yields of the desired products. The nanoparticles were isolated without requiring a complex or lengthy workup process. Furthermore, the nano-catalyst was easily recycled via simple filtration and reused successfully for six consecutive runs.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Green synthesis
cross coupling
Pd nanocatalyst
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