[1] Dunne, S., Close, H., & Shanahan, E. (2013). A review of the differences and similarities between generic drugs and their originator counterparts, including economic benefits associated with usage of generic medicines, using Ireland as a case study. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 14, 1–19.
[2] World Health Organization. (2017). WHO global surveillance and monitoring system for substandard and falsified medical products.
[3] Ammassari, A., Trotta, M. P., Shalev, N., Marconi, V. C., Antinori, A., & d’Arminio Monforte, A. (2021). Comparison of demand for drugs used for COVID-19 treatment and other drugs during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. JAMA Network Open, 4(2), e2037060.
[4] Ranney, M. L., Griffeth, V., & Jha, A. K. (2020). Critical supply shortages—the need for ventilators and personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), e41.
[5] Mohamed, H. M. (2015). Green, environment-friendly, analytical tools give insights in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics analysis. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 66, 176–192.
[6] Przybylska, A., Gackowski, M., & Koba, M. (2021). Application of capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of bioactive compounds in herbal raw materials. Molecules, 26(8), 2135.
[7] Gu, X., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Chen, H. (2023). Fast screening of biomembrane-permeable compounds in herbal medicines using bubble generation technology. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 15(3), 123-135.
[8] Dispas, A., Sacré, P., Ziemons, E., & Hubert, P. (2022). Emerging analytical techniques for pharmaceutical quality control: Where are we in 2022? Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 221, 115071.
[9] Seo, C.-S., & Shin, H.-K. (2022). Simultaneous analysis of 19 marker components for quality control of Oncheong-Eum using HPLC-DAD. Molecules, 27(9), 2992.
[10] Zhao, X., Li, Y., Wang, J., & Zhang, R. (2023). Fast quantification of diclofenac sodium content in commercially available tablets by transmission Raman spectroscopy with PLS. Journal of Chemometrics, 37(2), e3462.
[11] Wu, X., Chen, B., Wang, Y., & Li, S. (2012). Optimization of a solid phase extraction and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of metformin in dietary supplements and herbal medicines. Food Chemistry, 133(2), 482-488.
[12] Deidda, R., Schembri, S., Bucaria, F., & Calà, P. (2019). Vibrational spectroscopy in analysis of pharmaceuticals: Critical review of innovative portable and handheld NIR and Raman spectrophotometers. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 114, 251-259.
[13] Mirzaei, N., Rezaei, V., & Aibaghi, B. (2018). Preconcentration and determination of diazepam in pharmaceutical and biological samples by graphene oxide based on dispersive solid phase microextraction. Applied Chemistry Today, 14(51), 21-34. (in Persian)
[14] Malarsoli, F. (2025). Development and Step-by-Step Optimization of the HPLC Method with Dilute-and-Shoot Sample Preparation Technique for Determination of Benidipine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples. Applied Chemistry Today, 20(74), 139-160. (in Persian)
[15] Triggle, C. R., Mohammed, I., Bshesh, K., Marei, I., & Ye, K. (2022). Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases? Metabolism, 133, 155223.
[16] Mubeen, G., & Noor, K. (2009). Spectrophotometric method for analysis of metformin hydrochloride. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 71(1), 100-102.
[17] Pyzowski, J., Brzezińska, E., & Kościelniak, P. (2017). Fast and convenient NIR spectroscopy procedure for determination of metformin hydrochloride in tablets. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 84(4), 710-715.
[18] Norris, K. (1996). History of NIR. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 4(1), 31-37.
[19] Harthcock, M., & Atkin, S. (1988). Imaging with functional group maps using infrared microspectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy, 42(3), 449-455.
[20] Mehta, N., Shaik, A., & Parker, A. (2018). Single-cell analysis using hyperspectral imaging modalities. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 140(2), 020802.
[21] Tan, M. I. S. H., Abdullah, A. Z., Rahman, N. A., & Osman, R. (2021). Ganoderma boninense disease detection by near-infrared spectroscopy classification: A review. Sensors, 21(9), 3052.
[22] Sharifizadeh, G., Asghari, A., & Rajabi, M. (2019). Simultaneous analysis of Al(III), Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions in aqueous solutions: using partial least squares (PLS) method-based on UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Applied Chemistry Today, 14(50), 193–208. (in Persian)
[23] Khaje Sharifi, H., & Soleimanzadegan, S. (2013). Partial least squares method for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of uracil and 5-fluorouracil in spiked biological samples. Applied Chemistry Today, 7(25), 31–38. (in Persian)
[24] Niazi, A., & Bashiri far, A. (2017). Simultaneous Determination Spectrophotometric of New fushin and Victoria blue using chemometric methods. Applied Chemistry Today, 12(43), 137–150. (in Persian)
[25] The United States Pharmacopeia,Metformin Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets, https://www.uspnf.com/sites/default/files/usp_pdf/EN/USPNF/revisions/metformin-hcl-ert-sept18-pending-nitr.pdf , 2018 (accessed April 2024).
[26] Bro, R., & Smilde, A. K. (2014). Principal component analysis. Analytical Methods, 6(9), 2812-2831.
[27] Oliveira, A. D. D., Silva, L. E., Castro, E. V. R., & Filho, J. C. (2018). Use of infrared spectroscopy and near infrared hyperspectral images to evaluate effects of different chemical agents on PET bottle surface. Materials Research, 21(5), e20170949.
[28] Jain, A. K., Duin, R. P. W., & Mao, J. (2000). Statistical pattern recognition: A review. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22(1), 4-37.
[29] Ballabio, D., & Consonni, V. (2013). Classification tools in chemistry. Part 1: Linear models. PLS-DA. Analytical Methods, 5(16), 3790-3798.
[30] Kumar, K. (2017). Principal component analysis: Most favourite tool in chemometrics. Resonance, 22(8), 747-759.
[31] Brereton, R. G., & Lloyd, G. R. (2010). Support vector machines for classification and regression. Analyst, 135(2), 230-267.
[32] Cogdill, R. P., & Dardenne, P. (2004). Kernel chemometrics: An introduction to support vector machines. In Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference (pp. 165-170). IM Publications.
[33] Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S., & Vyvyan, J. R. (2015). Introduction to spectroscopy (5th ed., Chapter 2, pp. ۳۱–۸۴). Cengage Learning.
[34] Bolhassani, Z., Aghaei, A., & Parastar, H. (2025). Quantification of metformin in pharmaceutical formulations using Vis-SWNIR hyperspectral imaging combined with multivariate curve resolution. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 250, 104918.
[35] Xia, Y., Cen, H., He, Y., & Xu, L. (2021). Rapid quantification and visualization of metformin hydrochloride tablets using hyperspectral imaging. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 212, 104287.